In recent years, about 1/10 of the patients attending my clinic are due to HPV infection. Most of them are depressed, nervous, and even cry for treatment, thinking that they have gynecological disease and are about to have cervical cancer …… Is HPV infection a disease or not, and what is the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer? How should high-risk HPV infection be treated? According to the latest views at home and abroad and combined with my personal experience, the following are explained: 1. Is HPV infection a disease? HPV infection itself is not a disease. Most infections can be cleared by the body’s own immunity and will not cause any symptoms or affect health. It does not affect pregnancy or married life. HPV infection alone does not require treatment. Treatment is only needed if the infection persists and causes cervical epithelial lesions. Therefore, after diagnosis and screening by a gynecologist, regular checkups are sufficient as prescribed by the doctor. There is no need to be alarmed and frightened and affect your health. 2.What is the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer? Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy. Although HPV infection is not a disease, its continuous presence can cause the occurrence of cervical cancer. There are differences in the pathogenic ability of different HPV types. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the most important factor contributing to the development of cervical cancer, especially HPV16 and HPV18 types are the most high-risk. However, it does not necessarily mean that you will develop cervical cancer if you are infected, and most of them are only carriers. Moreover, it takes 3-5 years for HPV infection to cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINI–>CINII–>CINIII), commonly known as pre-cancerous lesions, and it takes 3-5 years for pre-cancerous lesions to develop into cancer, and its pathogenic effect is very slow. Therefore, HPV infection does not mean that you are cervical cancer, only that cervical cancer may occur after a long time, and the incidence of cervical cancer is higher in infected people compared with those without infection. 3.How should high-risk HPV infection be treated? (1) Those who are older than 25 years old or have a history of sexual intercourse for more than 5 years should have a double test for HPV (human papillomavirus) and TCT (cervical cytology). (2) If both HPV and TCT are normal, you can retest after 3 years. (3) 2 tests positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 and normal TCT, colposcopy + pathological tissue biopsy should be done. (4) Positive for any of the high-risk HPV types with abnormal TCT, colposcopy + pathologic tissue biopsy should be done. (5) General high-risk HPV positivity with normal TCT can be reviewed once a year and can be treated without medication. (6) If the result of pathological tissue biopsy is: pre-cancerous lesion or cervical cancer, surgical treatment should be performed.