Painful nipples when touched without menstruation may be related to normal menstruation, but may also be related to pregnancy, breast enlargement, nipple damage, etc. Patients can first determine whether they are pregnant, and then determine whether it is caused by breast disease or nipple damage to facilitate later treatment. Specific causes and treatment 1. Normal menstruation: Women may have menstrual syndrome, i.e. abnormal hormone levels before menstruation leading to breast swelling and nipple pain, etc. Usually a normal menstrual flow will occur after 2-3 days. In general, the pattern of premenstrual nipple pain is the same as that of menstruation, so no special treatment is needed, and the symptoms can be relieved naturally after the onset of menstruation; 2. Pregnancy: women of childbearing age need to consider the possibility of pregnancy when they have recently had sex and have not used contraception. After pregnancy, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in women’s bodies increases, and the reaction of lobular enlargement, breast swelling and nipple pain usually appears around 6-8 weeks of pregnancy. However, at this time, there is usually no simple nipple pain, while often accompanied by breast swelling. You can go for a blood HCG level and vaginal ultrasound to determine if you are pregnant. After pregnancy is confirmed, the pregnant woman can go to the hospital for archiving and maternity checkups. If the results of the maternity checkups are normal, no special treatment is needed, and the symptoms may ease as the gestational age increases. The patient’s nipples may have lesions, redness and swelling, etc. The pain can be relieved by applying cold compresses and treated with antibiotic ointment, such as erythromycin ointment; 4. Menstrual disorders: Menstrual disorders are generally caused by abnormal hormone levels. The mammary glands are affected by hormones, resulting in pain and other abnormal sensations, so menstrual disorders and nipple and breast discomfort often occur at the same time. When menstrual disorders occur due to endocrine disorders caused by poor lifestyle habits, patients can improve their lifestyle habits, adjust their diet, and regulate their mindset. If there are disease factors, such as abnormalities in the ovaries, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and other endocrine glands, the original disease should be actively treated, and oral hormone therapy can be administered under the guidance of a doctor if necessary. If the patient has nipple tenderness with menstrual disorders, pay attention to the cleanliness of the nipples and vulva, wash them with warm water every day, and preferably choose cotton loose underwear, not tight clothing. It is best to choose cotton loose underwear and not to wear tight clothing. Underwear should be changed and washed regularly and hung out to dry in a ventilated place.