Sleep is an important physiological process of human life. Good sleep promotes the development of brain function, promotes the growth of the organism, enhances the immune function and consolidates memory. For children and adolescents, low quality sleep can affect the development of their nervous and endocrine systems, and even cause serious consequences. Parents are often distressed by their children’s lack of concentration, short temper, and messy academic performance, but they rarely pay attention to the sleep of these children. There are more than ten kinds of sleep disorders in children, among which one of the more harmful, clearer causes and increasingly mature treatment programs is obstructive sleep apnea (hypoventilation) syndrome (hereinafter referred to as OSAHS), which has a global prevalence of 3-6% in children. Sleeping on one’s back at night, open-mouth breathing, snoring, breath-holding, restless sleep, and excessive sweating all suggest that a child may have a sleep apnea-related disorder. If the disease is not treated promptly and aggressively, children may suffer from chronic intermittent hypoxia at night, leading to serious consequences such as cognitive dysfunction, growth retardation, cardiovascular complications, and craniofacial developmental abnormalities. The main causes of OSAHS in children are adenoid and/or tonsillar hypertrophy, chronic rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis, in addition to asthma, obesity, and specific disorders such as craniofacial dysmorphism and neuromuscular dysfunction. For mild to moderate OSAHS caused by adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy and rhinitis, a sufficient course of medication can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms of children with OSAHS, return the child to a healthy sleep, and avoid serious sequelae caused by sleep apnea. The current problem is that, due to the lack of awareness of OSAHS among parents and some pediatricians, many children miss the best time for conservative treatment because the disease is not diagnosed in time; even for some children who receive conservative treatment, the disease is recurrent due to inappropriate choice of medication or insufficient course of medication, leading to the abandonment of previous efforts and eventually having to undergo surgery. In addition, for most children with OSAHS whose symptoms are not relieved after adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, the symptoms can be improved by supplemental drug therapy.