Kidney examination mainly includes the following four major parts: First, urinalysis. This is the most traditional, but still the most commonly used test technique, mainly about urine composition, including things like routine urine cell count, cell morphology, protein electrophoresis, urine osmolality, and urine microglobulin test, etc. It is mainly used for early screening and long-term follow-up, and is also an important component in determining the severity of kidney disease. Second. Renal biopsy pathology examination. It is mainly for glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial disease, to make important histological diagnosis. This is an invasive test, which is important for the prognosis of kidney disease as well as the efficacy. Thirdly, kidney function tests. It includes serum creatinine measurement, serum urea nitrogen measurement, glomerular filtration rate measurement, blood microglobulin measurement, serum uric acid measurement, etc. It is mainly used for renal functional examination to represent the most important functions of kidney, including glomerular filtration function, renal tubular reabsorption function, renal blood flow and endocrine corresponding function. Renal function tests are an important basis for judging the severity of kidney diseases, predicting the future determination of therapeutic efficacy and even adjusting the dosage of corresponding drugs. Fourth, kidney structure examination. Including renal ultrasound, renal CT, renal MRI and angiography related examinations. It is used to determine the function of kidney structure and has diagnostic significance for kidney structure disorder, tuberculosis, tumor, malformation, abnormality and other conditions.