Hiccups are a common clinical manifestation and probably everyone has had them at one time or another, usually lasting a minute or two to three minutes before they stop on their own. There are two types of hiccups: belching, which is caused by excessive gas in the stomach, and as the gas is slowly excreted from the mouth, a weaker, longer sound is emitted, often due to the patient’s high visceral sensitivity or poor diastolic tolerance of the stomach. Another condition, called eructation, is caused by stimulation of the phrenic nerve or spasm of the diaphragm due to irritation of the diaphragm for various reasons, resulting in a shorter and higher tone, often due to irritation of diseases above and below the diaphragm, such as pneumonia, pleurisy or peritonitis. In healthy people, eructations tend to occur after wolf swallowing, coughing, laughing, etc. Belching in healthy people usually occurs after drinking beer, carbonated beverages or after a full meal. Of course, hiccups are also one of the common symptoms of many diseases, so how can you know if the hiccups are caused by disease or normal hiccups. The reason for normal hiccups a. Eating too much: Some people eat too fast, or talk while eating, which can cause more gas in the stomach, and the stomach has no way to expel it. Once the gas flows back, burping occurs. The more gas that enters the stomach, the longer the hiccups will last. So, don’t eat too fast or eat too much when you eat, and don’t talk. Second, cold weather: prolonged stimulation by cold wind causes the human diaphragm to contract, which then triggers hiccups. This kind of hiccups is not harmful to the body, as long as you do a good job of keeping warm in time, the hiccups will disappear. The actual fact is that when we are stressed in all aspects, when we are in a state of mental stress, the body state will also undergo certain changes, just like when a person is in a nervous mood, the body will urinate a lot and want to go to the toilet especially, or when a person is lying, he can’t help but blink his eyes, so the same is true for hiccups. In times of stress, the body also has a certain need for oxygen, so it will unconsciously inhale a lot of air, and the presence of air in the abdominal cavity will cause hiccups, so adjusting the mind can also effectively prevent hiccups. What are the common diseases of hiccups? I. Central nervous system diseases: due to the loss of inhibition of the hiccup reflex arc, the most important lesions are in the extended brain, including brain tumors, cerebrovascular accidents, encephalitis, meningitis, metabolic lesions such as uremia, alcoholism and others such as multiple sclerosis. Second, peripheral neurological diseases: is the erratic reflex arc centripetal path is stimulated caused. The stimulation of phrenic nerve includes mediastinal tumor, esophagitis, esophageal cancer, thoracic aortic aneurysm, etc. Peridiaphragmatic lesions such as pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, subdiaphragmatic abscess, esophageal hiatal hernia, etc. Vagus nerve stimulation includes gastric dilatation, gastritis, gastric cancer, pancreatitis, etc. Third, other diseases: drugs, general paralysis, post-surgery, mental factors, etc., inner ear and prostate lesions can also cause eructation. Belching common diseases a. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: a series of chronic syndromes due to abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, resulting in damage to the esophageal mucosa. The typical clinical symptoms are heartburn and acid reflux, but some patients do not have typical symptoms such as heartburn and reflux, and may show atypical symptoms such as belching, chest pain, epigastric pain, and burning sensation in the epigastrium. Second, functional dyspepsia: The disease is characterized by recurrent epigastric pain, fullness, belching, heartburn, acid reflux and nausea, vomiting and other dyspeptic symptoms, while no organic lesions of the digestive tract are seen on objective examination, and only mild superficial gastritis or duodenal bulbitis is found on gastroscopy. Triple peptic ulcer: a common disorder that often leads to belching. The basic symptoms are heartburn and burning pain. Duodenal ulcers have empty abdominal pain and pain in the middle of the night, which may be relieved after eating, or after taking antacid or secretion-reducing drugs. Gastric ulcers are painful half an hour after meals and relieved before the next meal. Accompanying signs and symptoms include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, black stools, abdominal distention, feeling of fullness and epigastric pressure. Fourth, pyloric obstruction: Patients generally have a longer history of ulcer, and as the lesion progresses, stomach pain gradually worsens with belching, nausea, vomiting stomach and other symptoms. Patients are often anorexic due to gastric distension, and antacids are gradually ineffective. V. Esophageal hiatal hernia: Belching often occurs after eating and is often accompanied by heartburn, acid reflux, and abdominal distention. Patients often complain of dull pain under the sternum or in the precordial region, which may also radiate to the shoulder. Other symptoms include difficulty swallowing, nausea, weight loss, dyspnea, shortness of breath, coughing, and bad breath. How to distinguish if hiccups are normal or caused by disease If they are self-limiting hiccups, they are mostly seen in healthy people, more in men than women. It often occurs when you eat too quickly, are too full, or when food is too cold, too hot, or excessively spicy, or when you drink a lot of alcohol or carbonated beverages. Rapid changes in temperature, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and emotional factors such as fear, laughter, and overexcitement can also trigger it. If the hiccups are persistent, especially if they persist or recur for more than a week. Patients tend to have an underlying organic disease, most commonly gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. At least 100 diseases have been identified that can cause recurrent or persistent hiccups. Therefore, further investigations should be performed to clarify the diagnosis. General belching should be considered a gastrointestinal disorder. Hiccups should be considered a neurological disorder. To summarize: whether hiccups are a normal reaction or a sign of disease, there are two types of hiccups, one is called belching and the other is called eructation. In healthy people, belching usually occurs after drinking beer, carbonated beverages or having a full meal. In healthy people, belching mostly occurs after swallowing, coughing, or laughing; generally persistent belching should be considered a gastrointestinal disease. Consider neurological disorders for persistent belching.