Most perioperative risks of pheochromocytoma arise from hypertensive crisis arising during tumor resection and hypotension and shock after tumor removal. Pre-anesthetic preparation for volume therapy and the use of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers should be closely focused on these two points! Avoid drugs that increase catecholamine release when performing anesthesia induction for pheochromocytoma surgery. In order to prevent fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate caused by endotracheal intubation via direct oral laryngoscopy, it is important to ensure sufficient depth of anesthesia before performing endotracheal intubation to prevent the occurrence of rapid heart rate and hypertension. In case of rapid heart rate and high blood pressure despite sufficient depth of anesthesia, short-acting antihypertensive drugs and heart rate lowering drugs, such as uradil and esmolol, can be selected. During the surgical exploration to remove the tumor, the anesthesiologist should closely observe the circulatory fluctuations and deal with them in time. Hypertensive crisis or tachycardia can be prevented by deepening anesthesia and using short-acting antihypertensive and heart rate lowering drugs. The anesthesiologist needs to closely monitor the progress of the surgery, ensure that the patient has sufficient systemic blood volume as much as possible before the surgical removal of the tumor, and promptly reduce and stop the use of drugs with blood pressure-lowering effects. This can be done by close communication with the surgeon, intravenous administration of large amounts of fluid prior to tumor removal to prevent hypotension after tumor removal, and preparation of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on standby to maintain blood pressure stability. Meanwhile, acid-base balance and stability of internal environment should be maintained intraoperatively.