Gene diagnosis and treatment of deafness is a new cutting-edge technology in the treatment of deafness. The results of gene diagnosis of deafness have good guidance for prevention, treatment and auxiliary diagnosis of deafness, and have been applied in etiological examination and preventive screening of deafness. The results can guide the birth and self-protection of special individual patients to avoid the application of ototoxic drugs for sensitive individuals, thus reducing the birth rate of deaf patients and avoiding the occurrence of acquired deafness. The results can guide fertility and self-protection of special individuals to avoid the application of ototoxic drugs, thus reducing the birth rate of deaf children and preventing the occurrence of acquired deafness. With the rapid development of molecular biology of deafness, these new technologies and methods will be gradually applied in clinical practice.