1.Occlusive atherosclerosis
This disease is relatively common, is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerotic disease, often invading the large and medium-sized arteries throughout the body, due to atherosclerotic plaques blocking the blood vessels and causing arterial ischemia or infarction of the lower extremities. It is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly patients suffering from atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Early symptoms include coldness, numbness and intermittent claudication (limb weakness or pain after a few steps and limping, and weakness or pain will be relieved after stopping for a rest), with the progress of the disease there will be pale skin, reduced skin temperature and muscle atrophy of the affected limb, and necrosis of the lower limb (spreading upward from the toes) may occur in the late stage.
2.Thrombo-occlusive vasculitis
It is more common in young and middle-aged men than in women. It is a chronic occlusive lesion of the peripheral arteries, mainly involving the small and medium-sized arteries of the extremities, most common in the lower extremities, and initially manifests as cold feet, numbness, pain, soreness and weakness of the lower legs when walking. Intermittent claudication, coldness, numbness and pain in the affected limbs may occur when the disease worsens, and the symptoms may worsen at night.
3. Multiple aortitis
Most often seen in women. Some patients have arteritis involving the arteries of the lower limbs, causing ischemia and hypoxia in the lower limbs. The manifestation is coldness of the lower limbs, accompanied by lower limb tenderness, numbness, pain, and intermittent claudication. Starting from the femoral artery of the affected limb to the arteries of the lower limb, the arterial pulsation is weakened or disappears, and the blood pressure is undetectable or significantly reduced.
4. Arterial spasm of the extremities (Raynaud’s disease)
It occurs mostly in women, and the onset of the disease is mostly in the age of 20 – 30 years old. It usually develops in the cold season, especially after contact with cold water, and the symptoms are reduced in summer. It is a spastic disease of the small arteries at the ends of the limbs caused by vascular nerve dysfunction. It manifests as symmetrical, paroxysmal cold, white, purple, followed by flushing and pain at the end of the limbs, and is usually triggered or aggravated by cold stimulation or emotional excitement.
5.Hypothyroidism
It is common in women. It is caused by insufficient secretion of thyroxine. The symptoms include cold extremities, sunken edema, pale and rough skin, bradycardia, general weakness, loss of appetite and a series of other symptoms of low metabolic function. The diagnosis can be confirmed by basal metabolic rate measurement and laboratory tests.
6.Some patients with neurosis (such as neurasthenia) may also have persistent cold sensation in the lower extremities due to plant nerve dysfunction, but there are often no abnormal findings during physical examination.
7, other causes are
① disorders of peripheral circulation.
② related to deficiency of calcium, iron and other minerals and certain vitamins (common in women with excessive menstrual bleeding, weak and sickly people).
③lack of exercise.
④Insufficient warmth.
⑤ lack of body heat (excessive hunger, malnutrition)
(7) Cold body.
8.Some hysterical patients can feel cold extremities by verbal suggestion, and suggestion therapy can receive obvious effect on this.
9. According to Chinese medicine, spleen yang cannot reach the extremities when the spleen is deficient, and kidney yang cannot warm the extremities when the kidney is deficient, which can cause the lower extremities to get cold.