What are the sequelae of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis? DVT is a condition in which venous blood is stagnated due to the destruction of venous valves after the formation of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms and signs. What are the clinical manifestations of DVT? The main manifestations are soreness and swelling of the affected limbs, edema, dilatation or varicose of superficial veins, darkening of the skin color of the lower part of the lower leg, and formation of ulcers in severe cases. What are the conditions under which the sequelae of lower extremity DVT will occur? 1.Acute venous thrombosis occurs when anticoagulation is not timely, the anticoagulation index INR does not reach the standard, the anticoagulation time is not up to 6 months, and so on. 2.In the presence of extensive thrombus in the iliac vein. 3.When the thrombus is in chronic stage, the necessary preventive measures are not used. How to know whether you belong to the sequelae of deep vein thrombosis? The above clinical manifestations of DVT sequelae occur on the basis of the history of DVT in the lower limbs. ultrasound can understand the recanalization of the deep veins of the lower limbs and the regurgitation of the valves. The deep location of the iliac veins and the interference of intestinal gases often prevent ultrasound from showing clearly. Therefore, CT or DSA is needed to understand the patency of the iliac veins. Why is it important to know the patency of the iliac veins? While thrombi below the femoral vein of the lower extremity can gradually resorb and recanalize over a period of years, the recanalization rate of iliac vein thrombi is very low in the absence of appropriate treatment. Therefore, knowing the occlusion of the iliac veins can provide insight into the prognosis of the disease. What should I do if I have lower extremity DVT? First of all, it is important to consult a vascular surgeon in a regular hospital. Ultrasound of the deep veins of the lower limbs or deep vein angiography, CT of the iliac veins can be done. Can the sequelae of DVT be cured? At present, there is no complete cure for lower extremity DVT. Pharmacologic thrombolysis has no significance in lower extremity DVT. Surgical bridging or diversion is equally ineffective and carries surgical risks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment still lacks evidence-based medical support. Intervention to unblock the iliac veins and implant stents has been rapidly developed in recent years, but the indications should be strictly selected. Therefore, the aim of treatment is mainly to control or alleviate the symptoms of lower extremity DVT and promote recanalization of deep vein lumen. Is surgery possible after recanalization of lower extremity DVT? If ultrasound review reveals that the deep veins of the lower limbs have been completely recanalized, then a CT scan must be performed to understand the patency of the iliac veins. If the iliac veins are also excluded from occlusion and narrowing, and the patient has varicose veins and ulcers in the lower legs, surgery can be performed to dissect the superficial veins and the traffic branches of the lower limbs. If only the iliac vein is occluded, and the deep veins of the lower limbs are well recanalized, then the iliac vein can be opened by interventional surgery. What can be done if there is no recanalization after a lower extremity DVT? If ultrasound of the deep veins of the lower limbs or CT of the iliac veins suggests that the deep veins are still obstructed, conservative treatment is first considered. Conservative treatments include: 1. compression therapy; 2. medication. Compression therapy is more effective than drug therapy. If the degree of recanalization of the femoral vein is good and the iliac vein is narrow with obvious clinical symptoms, interventional treatment can be considered. Under what circumstances is interventional procedure considered? With the advancement of interventional techniques and materials, interventional procedures to unblock the iliac veins have been further utilized in Europe and the United States in the last 5 years, and the 5-year patency rate has been significantly improved. Vascular surgery has also accumulated a lot of clinical experience in the interventional treatment of DVT with good results. Generally, interventional surgery can be considered in the following cases: 1, high degree of recanalization of veins below the femoral vein; 2, severe stenosis or occlusion of iliac vein segments; 3, swelling and nutritional changes in the lower extremity calves (darkening of the skin, ulcers, etc.). The advantage of interventional surgery is that the venous blood flow is restored and the result is quick. However, the cost is high and the patency rate needs to be improved. What is the significance of compression therapy in the treatment of lower extremity DVT sequelae? The pressure gradient of lower extremity DVT increases gradually from top to bottom, and compression therapy is to eliminate this pressure to achieve the therapeutic purpose. Commonly used compression therapy methods are divided into: 1. intermittent inflation pump compression therapy; 2. compression stockings with pressure gradient. How to recognize the authenticity of Chinese medicine for the treatment of lower extremity DVT sequelae? At present, Chinese herbal medicine treatment in the Chinese market is mixed, and there are many deceiving the people. The basic points to recognize the real ones are: 1. Whether they are advertised or promoted in newspapers and the Internet; regular medicines are usually not advertised or promoted in the public media. 2, the name of the drug or treatment is very attractive, such as what “pulse ** Tong” “thrombus ** Tong” and so on. Regular drugs can not be used directly with the name of the word disease. 3, regular hospitals do not have the drug or therapy. The latest drugs or therapies are generally the first to be adopted by the regular hospitals.