Trigeminal neuralgia is probably the name of a disease that many people are familiar with. It has a high incidence and is a very common cranial nerve disease in clinical practice. Trigeminal neuralgia, also known as the world’s first pain, is very intense in nature, like lightning, knife-cutting, needling and burning. Patients may trigger the onset of severe pain when they eat, wash their faces, brush their teeth, shave, or even when the breeze brushes their faces, so it is a great physical and psychological torture for patients and seriously affects their normal life, work and study. Scientific research shows that the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia is the compression of the trigeminal nerve root by the surrounding blood vessels. Trigeminal neuralgia is especially common in the middle-aged and elderly population. As people age, blood vessels gradually age, and some people have underlying diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, resulting in atherosclerosis, which may cause changes in the travel of the blood vessels around the trigeminal nerve root, thus causing compression of the trigeminal nerve root and triggering the occurrence of trigeminal neuralgia. The vessels that compress the trigeminal nerve are called the responsible vessels. The common responsible vessels are superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and basilar artery; other uncommon responsible vessels include posterior inferior cerebellar artery, variant vessels (such as permanent trigeminal artery), transverse cerebral pontine vein, lateral vein and basilar plexus, etc. The responsible vessel can be one or multiple, and can be either an artery or a vein. According to such etiology, the effective way to be able to treat trigeminal neuralgia is to release this vascular nerve compression through surgery. The standard treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is currently recognized by the medical community as microvascular decompression.