The septal defect surgery is divided into interventional occlusion and open-heart surgery, and both surgical procedures have their own characteristics. Interventional septal defect sealing surgery: A minimally invasive procedure using femoral vein puncture intervention for atrial septal repair, with the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and no incision after surgery, and the disadvantage that the procedure should be guided by radiation exposure. The first side of the blocker is opened, and the second side is opened after backdrawing the blocker to the atrial septal defect. The blocker is then separated from the delivery device. The heart is always under beating during the procedure, avoiding open-heart surgery and extracorporeal cardiac arrest process. Open-chest surgery for atrial septal defect: The repair of atrial septal defect is performed open-chest under extracorporeal circulation. The advantage is that it is suitable for patients who cannot undergo minimally invasive surgery, and different parts of the defect and other combined intracardiac malformations can be corrected simultaneously. The disadvantage is that the procedure is more invasive and recovery is slower. A median sternal incision is usually made, and extracorporeal circulation is established after incision of the pericardium. Extracorporeal circulation is the blood circulation that replaces the functions of the heart and lungs with an artificial heart-lung machine outside the body. After the heart stops beating, the septal defect is closed with sutures or patches and the heart resumes beating. Interventional occlusion and open-heart surgery are appropriate for different conditions, and the exact procedure used depends on the severity of the patient’s condition.