There are many different kinds of kidney problems. At present, the main clinical manifestations are different conditions such as nephritis, nephropathy, urinary tract infection, hypertension and renal failure, and they have different symptoms. Inflammatory manifestations are mostly symptoms of acute inflammatory syndrome. The main symptoms are sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, hypertension and transient renal hypofunction. Among them, hematuria is very obvious. If severe renal hypofunction occurs it may also be accompanied by congestive heart failure, swelling, acid-base imbalance, water-sodium retention, etc., and even impaired consciousness. The manifestation of urinary tract infection may be urinary tract irritation, which may be accompanied by frequent, urgent and painful urination, and may be accompanied by pus urine as well as bacteriuria and other symptoms. The main symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are massive proteinuria, hematuria, swelling, edema and hyperlipidemia and hypoproteinemia. Symptoms of renal hypertension, including headache, blurred vision, convulsions and even symptoms of heart failure. Symptoms of renal failure are mainly anemia, nocturia, oliguria, proteinuria, generalized swelling, and impairment of other organ functions. There are also some kidney diseases that do not have specific symptoms and only show persistent proteinuria and hematuria. But when the disease progresses to the end stage, there will be obvious hypertension and kidney failure. All in all, kidney problems are mainly manifested by abnormal urine, elevated blood pressure and systemic symptoms.