In genetic eugenics clinics, we often see patients who have had spontaneous abortions, some of whom have had more than 10 miscarriages and have not been able to have a baby. Spontaneous abortion is a category of birth defects and its incidence is very high, so it is important to make people fully aware of spontaneous abortion. Early spontaneous abortion usually has symptoms of bleeding The termination of pregnancy at less than 28 weeks of gestation with a fetus weighing less than 1 kg is called spontaneous abortion when there is no external influence. According to the number of weeks of gestation, it can be divided into early miscarriage (miscarriage before 12 weeks of gestation) and late miscarriage (miscarriage from 12 weeks to 27 weeks + 6 days of gestation). Early spontaneous miscarriages account for 60% to 70% of all miscarriages. Pregnant women who have spontaneous abortion usually have some abnormal symptoms. Early spontaneous abortion usually starts with bleeding symptoms, followed by abdominal pain and finally expulsion of the fetus. Late spontaneous miscarriage is characterized by abdominal pain, followed by vaginal bleeding, and finally expulsion of the fetus. There are two special forms of spontaneous abortion: one is fetal abortion, in which the embryo has stopped developing and remains in the uterus. In this case, the pregnant woman does not feel anything, but usually learns about it only when an ultrasound examination reveals the absence of a fetal heart. In some cases, the pregnancy reaction is reduced or disappears after the abortion, and there is a small amount of dark red bleeding from the vagina or a slight abdominal pain to expel the embryo. The management of fetal abortion is more difficult and may require several times of uterine evacuation, which may also cause hemorrhage, uterine perforation or other complications if not careful, so it is important to receive treatment in a regular hospital. Another special form of spontaneous miscarriage is habitual miscarriage, which refers to those who have had more than two spontaneous miscarriages or fetal abortions. Chromosomal abnormalities are a common cause of spontaneous miscarriage The causes of spontaneous miscarriage are very complex, and the main ones that are clearly known include genetic factors, maternal factors, paternal factors, immune factors and mental factors. Genetic material is the most central component in the life of living organisms to continue their offspring, and a slight error can affect normal reproduction. For humans, chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo or in one (both) parents are the most common cause of spontaneous abortion. Various types of chromosomal abnormalities can be detected in more than 60% of miscarried or arrested embryos, and the earlier the miscarriage, the higher the rate of detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Some genes are protective of the pregnancy process, while others promote the occurrence of miscarriage, and these genes are called miscarriage susceptibility genes. People with miscarriage susceptibility genes are also more likely to have spontaneous abortions than the general population. The mother’s body is the equivalent of land, and it is difficult to grow good seedlings on poor land. If the mother suffers from chronic diseases, malnutrition, reproductive tract infection, abnormal development of reproductive organs, endocrine diseases, abnormal coagulation function, etc., it may lead to miscarriage. In particular, rubella, cytomegalic and other viral infections are closely related to spontaneous abortion. Fathers with chronic systemic diseases, positive anti-sperm antibodies, abnormal semen or diseases of reproductive organs, poor lifestyle habits and some occupational factors may cause problematic sperm production. These problematic sperms are difficult to grow normally when combined with eggs, and the embryos they form are often eliminated in the form of spontaneous abortion. Among the immune factors, the most familiar ones are ABO/Rh maternal/child blood type incompatibility; and HLA antibody or closed antibody deficiency due to high genetic similarity between the couple. If you are prone to anxiety or depression, it can also lower the immune function of the mother, which can lead to immune dysfunction and induce spontaneous abortion. Psychological guidance and support from friends and relatives are important Couples of childbearing age who are ready to have a healthy baby should be convinced that they can have a successful pregnancy if they follow the guidance of their doctor at a regular hospital. In cases where the cause of spontaneous abortion has been identified, treatment should be directed at the cause. For example, surgical treatment for structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract, uterine malformations, polyps, etc.; treatment for endocrine diseases such as hyperlactatemia, luteal insufficiency, thyroid disease, diabetes, etc.; immunotherapy with small doses of lymphocytes for patients whose genes are too similar to each other; the pregnant woman herself should ensure adequate rest based on psychological counseling, avoid sexual intercourse and overexertion, assisted by herbs, folic acid, trace elements, etc. The treatment should be supported by traditional Chinese medicine, folic acid and trace elements. It is recommended that all pregnant women undergoing fertility treatment should have an amniotic fluid examination from 17 to 23 weeks of pregnancy for a detailed understanding of chromosomes and other abnormalities, and a fetal 4D ultrasound and fetal MRI from 23 to 28 weeks of pregnancy by a skilled doctor, and follow the perinatal health care instructions for timely examination to detect problems and avoid the birth of seriously defective children.