Most anterior talofibular ligament injuries occur in patients due to a sprain of the ankle joint, which results in an injury to the anterior talofibular ligament. Injuries to the anterior talofibular ligament can lead to talar dislocation and ankle instability. Therefore, different treatment methods should be chosen depending on the extent of the injury and the clinical presentation of the patient. If the patient is only partially injured by the anterior talofibular ligament, the treatment can be conservative, and bed rest and elevation of the affected limb can be ordered. In the injured area can be applied externally to activate blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis, swelling and pain, and also can be fixed with a plaster support or brace. In addition, the patient can also be instructed to take oral bruising medicine, which can promote early recovery of ligament injury. If the patient has an anterior talofibular ligament injury, the talus is dislocated or the ankle joint is unstable, surgery should be considered when treating the patient, which can be done by incision and exploration and ligament repair.