Nystagmus is a rapid involuntary back and forth movement of the eye around a point of gaze. It is one of the common signs of certain neuro-otologic diseases. A back and forth movement of the eye from side to side is called horizontal nystagmus; an up and down movement is called vertical nystagmus; and a repeated rotational movement along the anterior and posterior axis of the eye is called rotational nystagmus. Nystagmus that occurs naturally without any stimulation is called spontaneous nystagmus; nystagmus caused by appropriate stimulation of the vestibule is called evoked nystagmus. According to the mechanism of nystagmus, it can be caused by diseases of the visual system and diseases of the vestibular system and its central meridians, respectively. Therefore, it can be divided into oculogenic nystagmus and vestibular nystagmus. 1, Oculogenic nystagmus: Most of them are horizontal oscillatory nystagmus, which cannot be divided into fast and slow phases, with a small rhythm, and are continuous or permanent. It is rarely vertical or rotational, not accompanied by vertigo, but may occasionally have a sense of oscillation, and the symptoms disappear after closing the eyes, seen in miners or when there is partial extraocular muscle paralysis. 2.Vestibular nystagmus: It can be divided into peripheral nystagmus and central vestibular nystagmus. Peripheral nystagmus is mostly horizontal or horizontal rotation type, but no vertical type. In addition to nystagmus, it is often accompanied by tilting, vertigo and vomiting, which is not reduced when the eyes are closed and can last for several weeks. It is common in Meniere’s disease, otitis media vaginalis, acute vestibular nerve injury, etc.; central refers to the intracranial portion of the vestibular nerve. It may be horizontal, rotational or vertical. Long duration, vertigo and vomiting, varies depending on the speed of onset; slow onset may be without vertigo. It is often associated with tilting and deviation. It is often caused by peripheral vestibular, brainstem and cerebellar lesions. The nature of the disease is more common with tumors, inflammation, vascular lesions, trauma, desmoplasia and degenerative diseases. In conclusion, vestibular nystagmus is more common than oculogenic tremor. Vestibular nystagmus is mostly consistent with nystagmus, but can also be separated i.e. present separately; nystagmus alone cannot be called a disease, nor can it be diagnosed on the basis of nystagmus alone, but must be combined with other symptoms, signs and neuro-otologic ancillary tests for a correct diagnosis. Treatment varies according to the diagnosis.