The problem of infection has always been one of the challenges that plague surgery. The results of joint surgery, especially arthroplasty (implantation of a prosthetic joint), can be disastrous if an infection occurs. Superficial wounds can be debrided and changed to achieve healing, but deeper infections, especially around the prosthesis, once they occur, often require removal of the prosthesis, treatment of the infection, and then a revision joint surgery or joint fusion when the signs of infection have disappeared. However, either treatment often results in significant emotional, physical and financial losses for the patient. In addition to the patient’s own factors, such as advanced age, numerous combined medical conditions, weakness, infection in other parts of the body and local conditions of the incision, orthopedic personnel and conditions of the surgery also play a role in infection. These factors include: 1. Surgical personnel: Studies have found that nearly 40% of surgical personnel carry coagulase-negative staphylococci through the nasal cavity; 12% of surgical personnel carry bacteria in the perineum. Normal people’s hands, hair and ears are equally important carriage zones, and it is these bacteria that can be disseminated into the air through a variety of pathways. 2. Operator movement: Every movement of the operator is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of infection. The greater the range of motion, the greater the amount of skin flaking. If kept stationary, a person has 109 units of skin flaking per day, most of which comes from the perineum or is produced by rubbing the skin of the elbow against the clothing. If there are more people in the operating room, the more skin debris there will be and the risk of infection increases. 3. Operating room attire: The advent of new materials has increased the effectiveness of surgical gowns in keeping out bacteria by a factor of 1000. Surgical caps are particularly important in laminar flow environments, where they can reduce the contamination rate of the lower air layers by a factor of 15. Masks can reduce infection rates by a factor of 7. Replace the mask with a new one when you take over the table for surgery. Add a headband to cover the hair on the head and face. In addition, the rate of glove puncture during arthroplasty is 50-67%. Wearing two layers of gloves can reduce the infection rate by 3-9 times. 4. Air quality in the operating room: vertical laminar flow ventilation technology makes colonization.