As a special medication group, children’s organs and systems are not yet mature, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes of drugs in the body are different from those of adults, so if improper medication is used, it is easy to produce adverse reactions or even toxic reactions and cause harm. Therefore, the safety of children’s medication is very important. Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute fever of unknown etiology in children aged 0 to 5 years recommend acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Both ibuprofen and acetaminophen are currently recognized by the WHO and recommended by national guidelines for fever in children. Ibuprofen is well tolerated at regular doses and is generally associated with only gastrointestinal discomfort and mild neurological symptoms. Acetaminophen is mild at regular doses, and adverse reactions are usually due to high doses, prolonged repeated use or acute overdose, most often due to hepatic and renal toxicity. Most cold medications are compounded and may contain the following drugs in addition to the antipyretics mentioned above: nasal decongestants, cough suppressants, expectorants, and antihistamines. Therefore, the process of administering medication to children should avoid unauthorized increases in dosage, shortening the interval, taking several drugs together, or even using them to prevent colds and fevers, which may cause overdose and lead to serious toxic reactions damaging children’s health. Because children are a special group, they should not be given in the same way as adult drugs in reduced doses, and should use special dosage forms for children to avoid damage to their bodies. Oral preparations such as ibuprofen suspension, acetaminophen suspension drops, and pediatric pseudo-malmefene drops are commonly used in children. The health of children is related to the well-being of the family, and safe and reasonable medication is increasingly important.