Pain like cramps in the thigh is commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation, pear-shaped muscle syndrome, and hypocalcemia and osteoporosis, as follows: First, lumbar disc herniation or pear-shaped muscle syndrome: both of these diseases can cause cramping symptoms in the walking part of the sciatic nerve, and the patient will show pain in the back of the thigh, accompanied by numbness and weakness in the limbs. The diagnosis can be confirmed through lumbar spine MRI, CT examination, and electromyography of the lower limbs, and early treatment can lead to symptom relief. Second, hypocalcemia or osteoporosis: both of these diseases can cause increased neuromuscular excitability, and patients can also experience thigh cramps and painful symptoms with local muscle spasm and tension. Laboratory tests of serum calcium ion concentration will reveal a significant decrease and a significant change in bone density, which, with timely treatment, can lead to rapid relief of clinical symptoms. Patients with thigh cramp-like pain must be diagnosed and treated early to restore the normal function of the thigh as soon as possible, otherwise the symptoms will be frequent and affect the patient’s normal life and work.