After the winter, people’s activities as the cold approaching and less and less. But on the contrary, some “like cold” germs and bacteria but day by day “active” up, trying to take advantage of the cold to invade the human body. If people are not careful, it is easy to suffer from these common winter diseases. Focus on prevention: skin disease vulnerable people: middle-aged and elderly people or dry skin expert comment: experts, the winter skin is most vulnerable to dry and cold aggression. Dry climate will make the skin blood vessels are often in a state of constriction, sweat glands, skin glands secretion significantly reduced, it may lead to itching, redness and swelling of the skin. Cold can cause frostbite, erythema multiforme and other skin diseases. Preventive measures: insulation against cold, especially good skin exposed parts of the warmth measures; avoid the use of poor-quality skin care products; wear as soft as possible, the winter should be as far as possible to choose cotton, silk and other clothing that is not easy to produce static electricity to do underwear, etc.; to strengthen the skin exercise, such as adhering to the washing of cold water face, cold water, such as rubbing the body; but also need to pay attention to the health care of the food. Tips: the number of baths should not be too frequent, the water temperature should not be too high, as far as possible with moisturizing ingredients of the bath, after a bath should be coated with moisturizing ingredients of the moisturizer. Focus on prevention: diabetes Vulnerable people: middle-aged and elderly people who have suffered from diabetes In winter, people eat more greasy and heavy food and exercise is reduced, the body will rapidly gain weight, and obesity is one of the causes of diabetes. For diabetic patients, the cold can also cause vasoconstriction, slow blood flow, easily induced diabetic cardiovascular complications, in addition to frostbite is also an important cause of diabetic foot and other complications. Preventive measures: pay attention to the cold and warmth, increase the clothes in time; appropriate exercise, enhance the ability to withstand the cold and resistance to disease on the regulation of blood glucose is very beneficial; winter food control, it is best to rationalize the diet structure, eat more green leafy vegetables, eat less starch and high-fat foods. Tips: Diabetic patients can soak their feet in hot water at about 45℃ for 15 minutes every night to help prevent cold and improve local blood circulation. Focus on prevention: digestive disorders Vulnerable people: dietary irregularities, especially middle-aged people suffering from chronic digestive diseases. Expert Comment: Experts say that the human body’s gastrointestinal system is prone to dysfunction during the alternation of fall and winter seasons, creating a breeding ground for peptic ulcers as a representative of digestive diseases. Patients will have abdominal pain, acid reflux, epigastric discomfort, vomiting and other symptoms. Preventive measures: pay attention to warmth, regular diet, do not overeat, should not eat cold and bitter cold food, can be appropriate to drink low-grade alcohol, but can only drink less. Nutrition in winter should increase the main thermal energy, can be appropriate more intake of food rich in carbohydrates and fat to ensure the supply of heat. Tips: Eat hot pot in moderation, and drink more boiled water or strong tea after eating. Focus on prevention: respiratory diseases Vulnerable people: the elderly, children, the immune system is low Expert comment: after the weather becomes cold, the first to undergo the test is the respiratory system. According to experts, winter is the most common season for respiratory diseases. For example, influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases like to take advantage of the cold “invasion” to obstructive pneumonia as a representative of chronic respiratory diseases will also be acute attacks in winter, and the season is very “sensitive” asthma is not going to let go of the best time to make trouble. Preventive measures: First of all, pay attention to warmth, indoor and outdoor clothing changes, to reduce the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Once an infectious disease occurs, isolate it as soon as possible, and do not abuse antibiotics without authorization, so as not to cover up the disease. Secondly, recommended to play the flu vaccine, strengthen exercise to improve physical fitness, room and workplace ventilation, less crowded public places, a fever, cough and other symptoms, should promptly go to the hospital to take pictures. Tips: Do not be afraid of cold all of a sudden will be “wrapped” in thick clothes, and should be appropriate to increase the cold exercise. Focus on prevention: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases vulnerable people: the elderly expert comment: expert introduction, the temperature difference between morning and evening in winter, cold stimulation can make the human body vasoconstriction, resulting in hypertensive patients with blood pressure rose suddenly, and the elderly themselves exist organ progressive lesions make the blood pressure fluctuations are greater, when serious, can be induced by cardiovascular, emergencies or cerebrovascular accidents. Coronary heart disease patients are also easy to induce myocardial ischemia, hypoxia and lead to angina pectoris or even myocardial infarction. Preventive strokes: first, with the cold and hot weather changes, adjust the dressing at any time, do not let the body cold. Secondly, weight control, limit sodium intake, should be less than 6 grams per day, do not drink cold water or eat cold food, morning exercise before going to bed at night, it is best to drink a cup of warm boiled water, easy to dilute the blood, in order to facilitate the blood vessels are relatively smooth, to avoid the re-emergence of the disease. Again, maintain emotional stability, avoid mental tension and emotional excitement. Tips: the elderly winter morning exercise time should not be too early, to 8-9 o’clock in the morning is good.