A. What is an assistive device
1.Definition: any product, technical item or device that increases or improves the function of a person with functional impairment.
Through the use of assistive devices to prevent, compensate, improve and reduce functional impairment, to improve or solve the various problems faced by the user, to achieve self-care, self-reliance, and ultimately improve the quality of life, return to the family and society
2.What is assistive device adaptation
Through scientific assessment and measurement, we can select suitable assistive devices for people with functional impairment —- tailor-made taking into account their own condition, residual function and family environment, etc. Different types of functional impairment use different assistive devices. Different types and sizes are also chosen according to different heights, weights and severity of disabilities. For example, prosthesis, orthopedic devices, wheelchairs, and self-help devices are used to improve self-care and mobility, and to promote integration into family and society.
Medical-industrial combination —- assistive technology professionals + rehabilitation doctors multi-system, multi-sector, multi-personnel cooperation
Second, which groups of people are suitable for assistive devices
1.Assistive devices are mainly used for people with functional impairment (temporarily or permanently) including people with disabilities, the elderly, the injured and the sick, etc.
2, what is a functional disability: physiological, psychological, human body structure, the total or partial loss of function of certain tissues and organs, or temporary loss, can not engage in a normal way in a certain activity capacity.
Including: vision, hearing, speech, physical, intellectual, mental, multiple disabilities and other functional impairments
3.Assistive devices can do what: compensate for lost functions, such as prostheses; compensate for diminished functions, such as hearing aids, crutches; improve self-care ability, such as wheelchairs, stocking wearers; improve learning autonomy, such as visual aids, book turners; improve communication skills, such as hearing aids; provide rehabilitation training, a variety of rehabilitation training equipment.
3.Characteristics of assistive devices
Extensive, including the market existing, improved, customized, emphasizing the compensation and compensation of functional ability, with special and individual, not limited by technical content.
The difference between assistive devices and medical devices
Auxiliary apparatus
Medical apparatus
Nature of service
Welfare services
Medical Services
Service Target
The functionally disabled and the elderly
Patients
Service Purpose
To improve the quality of life
Cure diseases and save lives
Purchase characteristics
Same buyer/user
Purchaser/user different
Usage
Individual, personalized
Patient common, universal
Duration of use
Mostly for long-term use
Short-term rotating use
Economic features
Economical and practical
Price is not limited
Third, the classification of assistive devices (according to national standards)
1.Personal medical aids
2, skills training aids, such as sports training equipment
3, orthopedic devices and prostheses
4, self-care and protection aids, such as a variety of life self-help devices
5.Personal mobility aids
6.Household management aids, such as diet self-help devices
7.Furniture and its adaptations for home and other places, such as a variety of barrier-free home
8.Communication, information and signal aids, such as hearing aids
9.Product and item management aids, such as a variety of environmental control systems
10.Aids and equipment, tools and machines for environmental improvement, such as a variety of barrier-free environment equipment
11.Recreational aids, such as blind poker, etc.
IV. Personalized services of assistive devices
(A) Auxiliary apparatus service team
Composition: In the form of team-collaborative group (Team). Team members consist of physicians, assistive device service professionals (engineers, prosthetic-orthotic technicians), physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, people with functional disabilities and their families, and representatives of assistive device cost support institutions.
Physicians
Assistive device service professionals (engineers,
prosthetic-orthotic technician)
Component therapists: physiotherapists, occupational therapists
teachers
Social workers and people with functional impairments and their families
Representatives of institutions supporting the cost of assistive devices
Tasks: joint consultation, development of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan for the disabled person in the near and long term and selection of appropriate assistive devices.
Individual tasks
Rehabilitation physician: responsible for the reception and functional assessment of the person in need of assistive devices
Therapists: assess, select and adapt aids according to the functional assessment of the rehabilitation physician.
Engineering staff: adapting or redesigning existing products for personalized assistive devices, especially home accessibility modifications
Social workers and representatives of assistive device cost support agencies: need to help disabled people and their families to solve some problems of life, social security, and assistive device cost support.
The acceptance of the assistive devices needs to be approved by the disabled person and his family, physicians and therapists
(B) the principles of selection of assistive devices
Safe, reasonable, prevent secondary injury or disability aggravation, with a certain ability to use, according to the applicable place and space environment, according to the economic ability, according to the degree of acceptance of the user.
1. Principles of institutional selection – Rational use of resources according to the sorting of demand objects.
Firstly, children, new disabled people (within six months of disability), and people with strong employment needs should be given priority, and then other people with needs should be considered
Children: mainly cognitive learning aids, aids for training and rebuilding body functions, and aids for preventing and correcting deformities
Middle-aged people: self-help devices for life, learning and employment aids to improve quality of life and realize potential
The elderly and the severely dysfunctional: protective aids and aids for caregiving
Community: rehabilitation training aids, cultural, sports and recreational aids (has been suitable for the use of people with functional disabilities as the standard, rather than able-bodied people use)
2.Personal selection of assistive devices principles – according to personal needs, consider the economic situation
1, according to the hierarchy of needs, distinguish priorities
The first level of demand: priority is given to assistive devices that solve obstacles to survival, safety and personal medical care. Such as respiratory treatment aids, dialysis treatment aids, body protection aids, tracheotomy aids, fistula aids, urine collectors, alarm aids, etc.
The second level of demand: assistive devices to improve the quality of life. Such as sports training aids personal care and protection aids, personal mobility aids, etc.
The third level of demand: assistive devices to participate in social activities to reflect self-worth. In particular, assistive products for schooling and employment, such as computers and terminal equipment, computer input devices, computer output devices, etc.
2.Order according to the achievement of goals
Self-care: eating, toileting – dignity; information exchange: hearing, reading and writing – self; educational rehabilitation: learning, improving – self-confidence; vocational rehabilitation: labor, work – rights
3.Compensation according to functional impairment: limb loss-prosthesis; limb deformity-orthopedic device; mobility impairment-wheelchair; visual impairment-visual aid; hearing impairment-hearing aid
V. Personalized service process of assistive devices
Consultation: to understand the basic situation, disease diagnosis, daily life obstacles and urgent problems of the disabled person
Functional assessment: assess the overall function, including posture control, motor control, sensory (vision, hearing, touch) function, cognitive function, daily living ability, communication ability and psychological state (whether they can cooperate with the aids adaptation and training).
Environmental assessment: living environment, mobility environment, communication environment, education environment, employment environment, cultural and sports environment, religious environment, home environment and public environment, and fill out the corresponding assessment form and write the assessment report
Development of assistive device program: The collaborative group will decide the assistive device program together.
Assessment of assistive devices: The assistive device assessment is conducted for the adopted assistive device program and the assistive device assessment form is filled out, such as living assistive devices, walking assistive devices, seat cushions, orthopedic devices, hearing assistive devices, etc.
Selection of assistive devices: After assessment, first select the existing assistive devices.
Adaptation design
Adaptive training
Delivery of assistive devices after passing the suitability check of the collaborative group
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