The prevention of allergic diseases is mainly directed at allergens. Allergens are substances that trigger allergies, that is, substances that cause sIgE to be produced in the patient’s body. Allergens for drug and food allergies are relatively obvious to find, while airborne allergens are not visible to the naked eye and most people do not understand them. Some patients often say “I’m allergic to cold air” or “I’m allergic to dust”, but while cold stimuli or dust particles are irritants, the allergenic substances are more important factors.
1. Dust mites
Dust mites are the most important indoor allergens that cause allergic rhinitis and asthma, and almost 80% of indoor allergies are caused by dust mites. Allergies are mainly caused by house dust mites and dust mites.
Dust mites not only cause allergic reactions in their bodies, but their decomposition products, excretion of mite feces, and some secretions are strong allergens. In the home it exists mainly in the following places: bed sheets, covers, pillowcases, bedding and sofas, where people are often active dust mite antigenic substances are more, because dust mites mainly take human dander as food. Dust mite prevention and control methods.
(1) Strengthen the washing and drying of clothes and bedding: washing should be done with hot water above 56℃, and mattresses and bedding should be exposed to the sun (at least 3 hours) to kill dust mites;
(2) Pay attention to bedroom and bed hygiene;
(3) Do not use sofas, carpets and thick velvet toys;
(4) Use anti-mite covers on mattresses and pillows;
(5) Mites love warm and humid environment, so it is very important to keep the room ventilated and dry to inhibit the growth of mites;
(6) Air conditioning filters should be cleaned regularly;
(7) Chemical acaricides can be used, etc.
2.Mold
Also known as fungi, is the most widely distributed class of organisms in nature, there are about 80,000 to 120,000 species of fungi on earth, exist on the surface, soil, water, air and all objects on the surface or inside, even in places where people are rare there are fungi.
Common allergy causing fungi include edible fungi such as mushrooms, medicinal fungi such as penicillin, and today we are mainly talking about inhalation fungal allergy.
Billions of fungal spores and mycelium often float in the atmosphere, and when inhaled into the respiratory tract, these spores and mycelium can cause allergic rhinitis and asthma attacks.
Fungi are often found in warm, humid places. For example, during rainy weather, or in a damp, dark room, the heavier the musty smell, the higher the concentration of fungi. In contrast, where there is good indoor ventilation and direct sunlight, there is less fungus in the air. Methods of fungal control.
(1) Try to keep the room or workplace indoor dry, clean, sunny and good ventilation, if necessary, you can use indoor air filter;
(2) fungal allergy should avoid the cellar, granary, threshing floor and vegetables, fruits, wood, firewood and other places where a large number of piles or mold, do not work or sleep in a room that has not been used or cleaned for a long time. If necessary, the bedroom located on the ground floor of the building should be moved to the upper floor;
(3) fungal allergy patient’s bedroom, living room furnishings must be simple and clean, where not used for a long time bedding, pillows, felt, sofas, carpets, etc. without thorough cleaning, it is best not to use;
(4) walls, floors, etc., preferably with tile paving, to reduce the accumulation of dust and breeding fungus, as far as possible without wood, grass mats, blankets and other paving, to prevent mold;
(5) pillow cores do not use buckwheat bark, bushes, cotton, duck down, etc. as fillers, because these materials are bound to have fungal contamination after a long time, and even become a source of fungal reproduction, it is best to use foam, if you must use natural plant and animal materials as pillow cores, pillowcase should be sealed with a layer of plastic film or rubber sheeting to prevent fungal spores or mycelium escape;
(6) indoor heating or air conditioner heating, heating pipes should be regularly cleaned or sprayed with anti-mildew, mold-killing agent to prevent the growth of fungi;
(7) the patient’s bedroom is best selected upstairs, the bed should be a higher bed frame, so that the bed is far from the floor; under the bed is best not to pile debris, to facilitate ventilation, and should be cleaned regularly; near the bed do not place the air humidifier; bed before the carpet; bed location is best placed in the direct sunlight can be;
(8) severe fungal allergy, the conditions can be considered easy to treat, such as coastal, low humidity area residents, can be moved to a higher terrain, relatively dry climate, cold areas.
3.Pollen
Every year in March, April and May, it is the season of bright spring; every year in September, October and November, it is the season of harvest of the earth; and these two seasons are also the most painful and unbearable seasons for many patients with allergic rhinitis. During these two seasons, the peak of respiratory allergic reactions caused by the large amount of pollen drifting is mainly.
In spring, allergic pollen is mainly tree pollen, such as poplar, elm and willow, especially sycamore pollen. In summer and autumn, weed pollen, such as artemisia and ragweed, is the main pollen. Prevention of pollen allergy.
(1) Avoid in situ
That is, less outdoor activities during the onset of hay fever season, less excursions or visits to dense plant growth. Indoor filtered air conditioning units can be used, and air filters can be placed at work or in the bedroom, in short, to minimize the air pollen content in the living environment. By the time the pollen season is over, the patient’s symptoms will naturally be reduced.
(2) Easy Place Avoidance
This method focuses on the regional nature of pollen allergic reactions. Many patients have the experience that the onset of the disease in the southern cities is not cured when they arrive in the northern cities. Therefore, if possible, you can temporarily move to an area with less allergenic pollen or without such allergenic plants during the onset season, or you can permanently move to an area without such pollen. But the prerequisite is to find out what pollen is allergenic to the patient.