Sexually transmitted diseases are a topic of great concern for women. Contracting a sexually transmitted disease is not only a personal problem, but also a family problem and a social problem. There are many types of sexually transmitted diseases and each disease is treated differently in terms of diagnosis. In the diagnosis of these diseases, nucleic acid testing plays a very important role. For example, cervical HPV infection, which is of great concern nowadays, is basically not effectively detected without nucleic acid testing. Moreover, nucleic acid testing can also type the virus, and HPV16/18 infection, which is of great concern internationally nowadays, cannot be identified with certainty without nucleic acid analysis. Therefore, nucleic acid analysis is a very important topic in the detection of cervical cancer. At present, cervical cancer screening in China is based on cytological methods and will slowly transition to the use of HPV nucleic acid testing as a cervical cancer screening method in line with international standards. This will be a gradual process, and through national advocacy and gradual follow-up, nucleic acid testing will be very important in cervical cancer prevention and HPV infection detection in the future. For common sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, nucleic acid testing is also very advantageous. Gonorrhea has traditionally been diagnosed by smear testing or culture of gonorrhea, but what are the advantages of nucleic acid testing over them? The main advantage is the high sensitivity of the nucleic acid test. The smear test for gonorrhea may miss some patients because there are many kinds of bacteria in women’s vagina, some of which are not significantly different from gonorrhea in morphology, similar in shape, but different in location, white blood cell engulfment and other phenomena. Therefore, the sensitivity of smear testing is not high enough for women. In addition, for diseases like gonorrhea, sometimes mixed infections with other STI pathogens, if we use nucleic acid testing, we can extract nucleic acid at one time and do consistency testing of other pathogens, which helps us to detect more mixed infections of pathogens. For example, gonorrhea is often mixed with Chlamydia trachomatis, which is a sexually transmitted disease pathogen with a higher incidence than gonorrhea, and one of the differences between it and common bacteria is that it cannot grow on the culture medium, and Chlamydia trachomatis cannot be detected by the traditional culture method of the laboratory. But the danger of Chlamydia trachomatis is really great again. Early symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis infection are not obvious and are asymptomatic infections. By the time it is detected there is often damage to the fallopian tubes, which has a great impact on ectopic pregnancy and infertility, so we also take the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection very seriously. For Chlamydia trachomatis, nucleic acid testing has unparalleled superiority. In China, there are two main types of Chlamydia trachomatis detection methods, one is the use of antigen immunoassay, this type of method test kits are more varied, the advantage is relatively simple, the requirements of the experimental environment is relatively low; the disadvantage is that its sensitivity, specificity are not very good, will miss part of the patient, there are some kits will also have false positive problems. Nucleic acid testing is particularly advantageous in chlamydia detection because it can detect very small amounts of chlamydia, whereas antigen testing requires a large number of chlamydia infections to be detected, so the advantage of nucleic acid testing is very obvious for Chlamydia trachomatis. For mycoplasma, another STD pathogen of concern, nucleic acid testing also has its advantages. There are many types of mycoplasma, not just one pathogenic microorganism, such as mycoplasma lyticum, mycoplasma humanum, and mycoplasma genitalium, of which mycoplasma genitalium can not grow at all in ordinary bacterial culture. The diseases caused by Mycoplasma genitalium are similar to those caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia, and their infected populations cross over to a certain extent, sometimes with mixed infections, so nucleic acid testing is especially needed to diagnose these infections. The common Mycoplasma solani infection, which we also call Mycoplasma lyticum, is an infection that has greater significance in women for diagnosis. It has a particularly high detection rate in women, and in some populations it can even reach 80%. However, not everyone who is detected with Mycoplasma solium infection is sick, a significant proportion is normal carriers and it is part of the normal female flora. There are many subtypes of Mycoplasma urealyticum, some of which are particularly easy to carry, and some of which may be a little more pathogenic, and further research is needed. If we can do subtype analysis, it is very beneficial for the assessment of clinical status, and we also recommend nucleic acid analysis in the detection of Mycoplasma solani, which facilitates our detection of subtypes. For mycoplasma, we apply nucleic acid analysis not only to detect it in small amounts of mycoplasma infections, but also to perform subtype analysis, which is a very good detection tool. In summary, nucleic acid testing is superior in the detection of these sexually transmitted pathogens, mainly because it is able to accomplish some areas that cannot be accomplished by traditional testing methods, and has good sensitivity and specificity. The presence of many mixed or co-infections of pathogenic microorganisms in STI (sexually transmitted infection, STI, sexually transmitted infection) makes the diagnosis and treatment of the disease more difficult, which is still very common in patients. It is also true that co-infections are not uncommon in disease states, but we lack knowledge of co-infections. For example, in the last century we were only able to test for gonorrhea when there was a disease called “non-gonococcal urethritis”. Why is there such a diagnostic name? The main reason is that at that time the testing method was rather backward, and only gonorrhea could be detected. Later, with the advancement of technology, we gradually discovered that there are other pathogens involved in the pathogenesis. With the availability of chlamydia testing, it was found that about 50% of these patients were caused by chlamydia, and these patients could be distinguished from each other. With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of detection methods, more pathogenic microorganisms may be discovered, so the improvement of detection methods is very helpful for the diagnosis of microorganisms. For a large number of patients with mixed infections, we especially need the means to test for multiple pathogenic microorganisms in a single sample so that more information can be obtained. The vaginitis test that is often done in our hospitals can give diagnostic information on 4-5 pathogenic microorganisms at once, which can easily help doctors to detect mixed infections. However, if only a relatively single test is used to determine this in the clinic, we may only be able to detect one, or at most two, pathogenic microorganisms, and it is more difficult to detect mixed infections. Therefore, for mixed infections, nucleic acid testing is also advantageous. After it extracts the nucleic acid of pathogenic microorganisms at one time, it can do the detection of multiple pathogenic microorganisms, especially when doing the first screening for such patients without typical symptoms, it is beneficial to detect mixed infections with the help of nucleic acid detection method for multiple microorganisms. Modern working women are often treated with douching or other medications on their own due to busy schedules and long waiting times at hospitals. We do encounter many patients who are afraid of gynecological examinations or have psychological barriers to the examination site and do not go to the hospital as a last resort. We especially don’t want patients to treat themselves at home. A patient’s ability to self-diagnose is very low, and the reliability of a patient being able to correctly diagnose the cause of their own disease is no more than 30%, and it is based on previous similar infections that they can diagnose themselves against, and even then the accuracy rate is no more than 30%. For patients with sexually transmitted diseases, it is very easy to misdiagnose the disease and subsequently to treat it with medication on their own, which will not yield good results and cause further deterioration of the disease. For example, the very early stage of Chlamydia trachomatis infection introduced before are some mild symptoms, if this time to the hospital test is still relatively easy to find abnormalities. If this time is missed, the infection may go upstream and reach the fallopian tubes, and damage to the fallopian tubes may occur, possibly without obvious symptoms, which may later lead to ectopic pregnancy or infertility. Therefore, women should pay attention to the symptoms of reproductive tract discomfort and go to the hospital for testing when they have symptoms. Doctors have more comprehensive testing tools and richer medical knowledge, and the chance of making a correct diagnosis is very high. The reliability of diagnosis at home is very low, and if you use this method, you are only risking your health, which we do not want to see. We hope that patients with symptoms of infection will come to the hospital when they first develop symptoms and rely on the doctor’s expertise and diagnostic methods to discern, treat and recover early.