For patients with obstructive azoospermia, the use of epididymal-vasovaginal anastomosis may allow sperm to reappear in the semen. Patients need to be hospitalized for about 1 week after the operation. During the hospitalization, a catheter is worn for a few days, which allows the patient to reduce bed activities and promotes wound healing; if the patient cannot tolerate the catheter, such as urinary urgency and pain, it can also be removed on the second day after the operation, and the patient is usually discharged after 3-4 days. Generally speaking, there is not much discomfort after surgery. Three months is a spermatogenic cycle, so patients should have a semen routine at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after surgery to evaluate the effect of azoospermia treatment. If the results of the procedure are satisfactory, sperm production can be seen 3-6 months after surgery, and very few patients can find sperm 1 month after surgery. This procedure does not cause sexual dysfunction, so you can resume sexual life and try to conceive 1 month after surgery. In general, if no sperm is found in the semen 12 months after surgery, the patient should still consider using assisted reproductive technology to have children; however, this is not absolute, and if the woman is not too old and the man has a strong desire to have children naturally, he can continue to wait, and some patients produce sperm only 18 months after surgery.