The painful localized anal swelling after cesarean section may be caused by the increased abdominal pressure pressing the local mucosa and skin around the anus during pregnancy, as well as the local uterine traction after childbirth. It may be related to the patient’s poor defecation habits, especially when the patient has dry stools during pregnancy, long-term repeated excessive forceful defecation will lead to local mucosal relaxation and prolapse of the rectal mucosa, local mucosal relaxation compressing the local perianal nerve and thus appearing swelling and not, along with local anal fissure may also be accompanied by pain. Therefore, anoscopy is needed, and if there is dry stool, further treatment to lubricate the stool is needed to avoid excessive straining during defecation.