Artificial hip joint replacement is a kind of prosthesis similar to human bone joint made of biocompatible and mechanically sound materials. The purpose of replacing the artificial joint with a joint damaged by disease or injury is to remove the lesion, remove the pain, and restore the movement and original function of the joint. Artificial joint replacement has the advantages of better joint movement, early mobility, and reduced complications of long-term bed rest in elderly patients. Osteoarthritis is the preferred indication for arthroplasty, followed by aseptic necrosis of the bone (e.g., femoral head necrosis), certain hip fractures (e.g., femoral neck fractures), rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic arthritis, benign and malignant bone tumors, and ankylosing spondylitis. In short, any disease with radiographic signs of joint destruction, with moderate to severe persistent joint pain and dysfunction, and which cannot be relieved by various other non-surgical treatments, is an indication for arthroplasty. In the past, 60-75 years of age was considered the most appropriate age range for total hip and total knee arthroplasty. In the last decade, the indications have been expanded to include older and younger patients. However, due to the high activity level of young patients, the long postoperative life span and the limited life span of the artificial joint, young patients may have to face the possibility of a second or even a third joint revision surgery after surgery. Therefore, artificial joint surgery for young patients should be performed with some caution. Obesity is considered a relative contraindication to prosthetic joint replacement, as are active local or systemic infections and other conditions that have the potential to increase the risk of serious perioperative complications. Artificial joints began in foreign countries in the 1940s and were gradually introduced in China after the 1960s. Currently, artificial hip and knee replacements are considered to be the treatment methods with very positive results in artificial joint replacement.