Hematuria is a common symptom in pediatrics, and many children’s parents are anxious about their children’s hematuria, either because they find that their children have blood in their urine, or because a urine test reveals that they have hematuria. Here to popularize the knowledge of hematuria in children. First, what is hematuria? Hematuria is the presence of more than the normal number of red blood cells in the urine. Hematuria includes microscopic hematuria and microscopic hematuria. Microscopic hematuria refers to urine with normal color, which can be determined by microscopic examination, centrifuged precipitated urine with ≥3 red blood cells per high power field of view, or non-centrifuged urine with ≥1 red blood cells per high power field of view, or a urine sediment count of more than 8,000 per ml, or a 1-hour urine red blood cell count of more than 100,000, or a 12-hour urine red blood cell count of more than 500,000. Naked eye hematuria refers to hematuria that is visible to the naked eye when the urine is washed, sooty, or bloody. How many children have hematuria? The incidence of hematuria in children was found to be 2.63% and the positive rate of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria was 0.42%. Now there is a tendency to increase. Third, what are the causes of hematuria in children? Hematuria can only be effectively treated if the cause of hematuria is clearly identified with the examination. 98% of children hematuria is caused by urinary system diseases (including organic and functional changes), inflammation, deformity, stones, trauma and tumor inflammation, deformity, stones, trauma and tumor, after strenuous exercise can cause hematuria. 2% of hematuria is caused by systemic diseases or lesions of neighboring organs in the urinary system. Fourth, hematuria treatment need to pay attention to what? Psychological care, explain and comfort the child, eliminate fear, so that it actively cooperate with the examination and treatment. Ask the child to drink more water, eat less stimulating food, such as chili, garlic, etc., eat high-calorie, liquid food. For children with hematuria caused by nephritis, reduce protein intake in the diet, as excessive protein intake will increase the burden on the kidneys. When hematuria is serious, children should rest in bed, and strenuous exercise will aggravate hematuria. Pay attention to the prevention of respiratory infections, timely and thorough treatment of tonsillitis and lymphadenitis. Observe the child’s condition, such as color and hematuria. Pay attention to whether the child has fever, changes in urine output, back pain and other symptoms. Before the cause of the disease is clarified, avoid blindly using medicines to stop bleeding and other treatments.