Although dizziness, lightheadedness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms, their clinical manifestations and treatment principles are different due to the differences in their damaged target organs and pathogenesis, so they cannot be considered the same thing. For this reason, it is necessary to give you a warning. First, dizziness is mainly manifested as a sense of persistent mental drowsiness and insensibility, which is caused by a decrease in the function of the higher cortical nerve activity, unrelated to the activities of the head, neck and trunk. Most of them are accompanied by other clinical symptoms of neurological disorders or/and chronic somatic diseases such as head weight, head stuffiness and insomnia, which are aggravated by exertion and stress and alleviated by rest and relaxation. It is mostly seen in patients with neurasthenia or chronic somatic diseases. Dizziness is mainly manifested as intermittent light-headedness and unstable gait (balance disorder), mostly aggravated during movements such as walking, standing, sitting, and lying, or when using the eyes. The following are common: 1. Ocular dizziness: accompanied by blurred vision, caused by visual impairment or eye muscle paralysis. Dizziness is aggravated when the eyes are opened or used, and relieved or disappears when the eyes are closed. Examination may reveal abnormalities in visual acuity or oculomotor function. It is most common in patients with refractive error (the most common), retinal macular degeneration and various congenital eye diseases, as well as extraocular muscle palsy (often accompanied by diplopia). 2. The dizziness occurs during activities such as walking, standing, sitting, etc., and disappears when the movement is stopped, and is aggravated with eyes closed and in the dark, and reduced with eyes open and in the light (due to compensatory vision). On examination, there are neurological signs such as decreased muscle tone in the limbs, decreased or absent tendon reflexes and deep sensation. It is usually seen in patients with neurological diseases such as subacute posterior lateral cord joint degeneration, posterior cord sclerosis and peripheral neuritis. The dizziness mostly occurs during activities such as walking, standing, sitting, and lying, and disappears after the movement stops, and does not affect the opening and closing of the eyes (because the vision cannot compensate) and is different from deep sensory dizziness. On examination, there are cerebellar signs such as reduced muscle tone in the limbs, weakened tendon reflexes and cerebellar ataxia. 4. Otolithic dizziness: it is accompanied by a feeling of instability in activities such as standing, sitting, lying and turning, and is caused by dysfunction of the balance of the inner ear. Dizziness mostly occurs in head position and/or trunk straight line activities and disappears after the movement stops. In the case of ellipsoidal otoliths, dizziness is only seen during activities such as squatting, standing up, and walking back and forth in a straight line; in the case of balloon body otoliths, dizziness is only seen during head swiveling, side turning, and right and left straight line activities; in the case of balloon angle otoliths, dizziness is only seen during up and down activities in the supine or prone position. Severe patients may also have autonomic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Opening and closing the eyes is not affected (because vision cannot be compensated). The otolith function and hearing examination on the sick side are often abnormal. It is mostly seen in patients with inner ear lesions such as Dandy syndrome. The main manifestation of vertigo is a sense of spinning, floating, drifting or tumbling in a certain direction (motion hallucination), which is caused by the lesion of the nerve endings of the medial vestibular canal, the afferent pathway or the vestibular projection area of the cerebral cortex, or by artificial stimulation such as auto-rotation and vestibular function examination. The vertigo is caused by the artificial stimuli such as autotransfer and vestibular function tests. The attacks of vertigo are indefinite and their duration varies. It can be triggered by overwork, excitement, insomnia, menstruation or excessive smoking and drinking. It is often accompanied by spontaneous nystagmus, misalignment, tilting, nausea, vomiting, etc. It is aggravated by eye opening, head movement and sound and light stimulation, and relieved when eyes are closed or lying still. There are abnormalities in the functional examination of the semicircular canal on the sick side. Most commonly seen in patients with Meniere’s disease, jugular crestal calculus, etc.