In some children, a small eye can be seen in front of the ear in one or both ears, which is often referred to as the “ear canal” and is medically called a congenital preauricular fistula. This condition is genetically related. Of course, some people with a family history of the disease may remain free of infection for life. If the preauricular fistula is repeatedly red and swollen or even forms an abscess, it will require surgery. Congenital preauricular fistula is caused by underdevelopment of the tissues that form the auricle during embryonic development. This condition can occur alone without other ear deformities. However, a small number of individuals may also have congenital malformations such as cleft palate, paronychia, auricular hypoplasia, and hereditary deafness. In severe cases, the fistula can branch extensively, forming multiple blind canals or even winding behind the ear and causing a postauricular infection. In a few cases, the fistula opens in the auricular cavity, external auditory canal, or mastoid skin. Congenital preauricular fistulas often secrete a white cheese-like discharge with a foul odor. Generally speaking, patients usually do not easily notice it themselves, but if there is a secondary infection, it can cause local skin redness, pain and even abscess formation. If repeated infections break down, the skin around the fistula can form a visible scar, which affects the beauty. It is not necessary to treat preauricular fistulas that are not infected. For preauricular fistulas with secondary infection, topical ichthyolite ointment can be applied along with antibiotics. If an abscess has formed, it must be incised and drained to release the pus. After the infection has been controlled, surgery is then performed to remove the fistula. The surgery should aim to remove the fistula cleanly at one time and, if necessary, remove a little cartilage, otherwise it is very likely to cause reinfection.