Late fall and early winter is the time of year when acute upper respiratory infections are prevalent. In these cold patients and the most common in children, the development of pneumonia and death of children in our country every year about 350,000 people. Why are children prone to respiratory infections? This is because on the one hand, children, especially infants and young children’s nasal cavity is short and narrow, and there is no nasal hair, cough reflex and airway smooth muscle contraction ability is not strong, so it is difficult to effectively remove the inhaled dust and foreign objects. On the other hand, the mucous membrane of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchial tubes of children is tender and rich in blood vessels, the elastic fiber of lungs is poorly developed, and the interstitial development of lungs is vigorous, resulting in rich blood in lungs, which is easy to be invaded by pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, the human immune system is not well developed at birth, but with the growth of age to gradually reach the adult level, so children, especially infants and young children in the physiological immune state, so the respiratory tract of children are more susceptible to infection. How to reduce pediatric acute upper respiratory tract infection? We know that a well-nourished child has a strong resistance, so it is important to ensure that the child’s nutritional supply. In infancy, because breast milk contains immunoglobulin that can resist pathogen invasion, so breastfeeding as much as possible, early childhood to provide rich nutrition, and reasonably add complementary foods to prevent rickets, diarrhea and nutritional disorders. Nowadays, children’s weight is generally able to meet the standard, but normal or overweight does not mean that there is no nutritional disorders, and therefore, regular physical examination should be carried out in order to early detection of iron-deficiency anemia, rickets, micronutrient deficiencies, parasitic diseases and so on, because all these conditions make the child’s resistance to be lowered. The immunity of children is weak and many common pathogens have not been exposed, so they should go to fewer crowded public places and not come into contact with people who are sick. Pediatric patients with lowered immunity may consider intramuscular injections of gammaglobulin to boost their immune levels if they are exposed to a more contagious patient, or they may consider using immunomodulators such as Skikon and Vaseline, and the proprietary Chinese medicines Astragalus and Monkey Zao San. All children should complete their primary immunizations as scheduled, with additional vaccines given according to local epidemiology and season. The pediatric room should be sunny and well ventilated, and try to sleep with the windows open to reduce the breeding of pathogens; pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene, and take regular baths even in winter. To exercise the children’s ability to adapt to climate change, which is often overlooked by parents nowadays. In fact, China’s Sui, Tang Dynasty pediatrician Chao Yuanfang, Sun Simiao proposed that children “should see the wind and the sun”, meaning that it should be often sunshine and contact with fresh air. Newborn children on the stimulation of the external environment has not formed a habit, this time to change the environment, generally can gradually adapt, but into the habit of changing it is more difficult. For example, from a young age, overdressed, rarely outdoor activities, a change in climate will catch a cold. So exercise should start small, step by step, insist on outdoor activities in places with few people and fresh air, from short to long time. In winter, pay attention to heat preservation, but clothes should not wear too much, should be according to the temperature at any time increase or decrease. Exercise at the beginning of the hot and cold stimulus changes should be small, and then slowly increase the intensity of the stimulus, such as the beginning of the choice of wind and warm weather, it is easier to adapt. It is also important to pay attention to individual differences in children, and to proceed more slowly for the frail ones, who tend to react strongly to stimuli that vary from hot to cold. It is extremely rare to find an infant or young child who is truly unable to exercise. In short, only by improving the physical fitness of children can colds be reduced.