When the hip or knee joint is painful to walk on and dysfunctional due to disease (ischemic necrosis, rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis) or trauma (femoral neck fracture, acetabular fracture dislocation), and when many treatments have failed, an artificial joint replacement becomes necessary. Successful artificial joint surgery can give patients a pain-free, near-normal functioning joint. However, many patients are hesitant to undergo surgery for fear of pain, unsightly wound appearance, or the inability to correct joint dysfunction, and are plagued by chronic pain. Modern artificial joint replacement has a history of nearly 50 years, and it has relieved tens of millions of patients of their ailments and brought them happiness. In the United States alone, 720,000 hip, knee and shoulder replacements were performed in 2003. Our population is five times that of the United States, but only about 50,000 such surgeries were performed throughout the year, and the number of joint replacements was less than 1/10 of that in the United States. In addition to economic factors, the lack of understanding of artificial joint surgery is also a reason. The answer to the question of whether the perioperative period for artificial joint replacement can be largely pain-free is yes. Modern developments in the pain discipline have reduced pain in the perioperative period of joint replacement to a tolerable level for the patient. Preoperative administration of analgesics to raise the pain threshold, intraoperative application of regional nerve block techniques to temporarily anesthetize local nerves for 2 to 3 days, and postoperative access to a pain pump that patients can control themselves (i.e., use when they feel pain) are solutions. In general, postoperative pain is less severe after hip replacement than knee replacement. The use of the above-mentioned tools can result in less pain in the perioperative period of knee arthroplasty. A large incision scar after arthroplasty is also a concern for patients. In the 21st century, due to the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, and navigation devices, this is also known as mini-operation. In about 60% of patients, hip and knee replacements can be completed within a 10 cm or shorter incision, while using intradermal sutures, and the incision becomes a line after healing, which is difficult to see for non-scarred patients after a long time. Therefore, modern hip and knee arthroplasty can be done entirely with mini-incisions. The wound heals aesthetically and without major obstruction. In addition to the appropriate selection of indications, it is crucial that the joint components are placed in the right position, i.e. not too loose, not too tight, not too big, not too small, so that the force lines are correctly aligned. The introduction of navigation technology has made this possible. Before the introduction of navigation technology, the placement of joint parts depended on the physician’s eye aiming, but errors were inevitable due to the physician’s experience and fatigue level. Navigation technology uses infrared light or electromagnetic dispersion, which is fed into a computer through a receiving device placed on the patient to guide the physician to place the artificial joint components in the ideal position. This technology was first developed in China, and the ideal results benefit the majority of patients who need hip and knee artificial joint replacements.