Pain is the most important manifestation of a traumatic knee injury and the main reason many of you see your doctor, but the knee is such a complex joint that knee pain can be caused by many things, so I’ll pick it out and go into detail one by one, but of course for a particular injury it may be the result of multiple causes acting at the same time. Many of you said that there is no article on the blog about lateral collateral ligament injury, so today I will take the first one: medial collateral ligament injury. 1, the mechanism of injury: mainly seen in basketball, soccer, rugby and other sports and jumping movements of athletes. Most commonly seen in the knee extension or area of the knee extensor injury, especially when the knee flexion 30-50 °, the sudden abduction of the lower leg external rotation, or the lower leg fixed on the ground and the thigh suddenly inward internal rotation, or the outer thigh suddenly by direct violence to make the knee external rotation, can also cause injury, in short, as long as the knee extensor beyond the normal range can cause medial collateral ligament injury. Injuries in the extension position tend to occur at the tibial attachment of the ligament, while injuries in the semi-flexion position tend to be associated with rotation, mostly of the femoral end. Medial collateral ligament injury mostly has meniscal injury, if accompanied by anterior cruciate ligament, it is called knee injury triad. 2, clinical manifestations: pain is characterized by being located on the medial side of the joint, depending on the degree of injury, serious can have subcutaneous bruising, pressure pain is obvious, lateral stress test will aggravate the pain, joint swelling is obvious, of course, for the injury is relatively light may only be pressure pain, after rest can be relieved and not pay attention to. If the knee is stable in extension but unstable in flexion, the injury is simple and is not associated with cruciate ligament injury. Clinically, there are 3 degrees of ligament injury, with degree 1 being mild, where the injury is limited to the internal fibers and remains intact in appearance, with no change in strength or laxity, no joint instability, and mainly manifests as pressure pain, no intra-articular blood accumulation, and no exudation. The majority of injuries are of this type. Moderate injury is degree 2, which is a partial rupture of the ligament, ranging from a mild tear to a major tear, with the strength and laxity of the ligament being affected. Severe injury for the 3rd degree, for the ligament completely rupture, often have severe pain, joint swelling obvious, activity impairment, joint instability obvious, accompanied by cruciate ligament meniscus injury. 3, treatment: this one makes a lot of friends are most concerned about: according to the different injury situation can have different treatment methods. (1) in the early stage of injury, the initial 72 hours, for the acute phase, 3 days after the injury for 6 weeks for the tissue repair period, 6 weeks later for the tissue remodeling and maturation period. All three degrees of injury are treated differently in different periods. (2) please degree of injury: in the acute phase first to ice, braking, massage in the injury is strictly prohibited, generally braking 1-2 weeks can be, without surgery. (3) moderate injury in the acute phase and mild is the same, but at the same time should pay attention to may be accompanied by meniscal injury, braking needs to be more than 3 weeks, if not accompanied by ligament and meniscal injury, is also no surgery, mainly braking and symptomatic treatment, during the braking period to pay attention to muscle strength training Oh. (4) Severe injuries are often accompanied by other tissue injuries, such as meniscus, cruciate ligament and cartilage tissue, so surgery is required. At present, there is still some controversy about whether the cruciate ligament and collateral ligament surgery should be performed together, some advocate doing it together, some believe that it needs to be handled well in separate time; we prefer to deal with it together, do not like two into the house; in the acute phase of the injury is also braking and swelling, you can ice and topical medicine, and then operate after the swelling subsides, of course, if the swelling is not obvious after the injury can be rushed to the hospital, you can also Emergency surgery; in short, it is better to be early than late. The main treatment is suturing, and if it is an old rupture, reconstruction may be required, and meniscus and cruciate ligament surgery may be performed at the same time. After surgery, the knee is usually immobilized in a 15° cast in the inversion position for about 6 weeks, followed by mobility training. Of course, the above treatment principles are said under the condition of good general condition, if there are other injuries at the same time, of course, there is a comprehensive consideration.