1.How is the normal cardiac system composed?
The normal cardiac system is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses from the heart to the entire heart, which maintains rhythmic contraction to achieve effective blood pumping. The entire system consists of: sinus node, which is equivalent to the commander, giving instructions; atrioventricular node, which is equivalent to the relay station, responsible for transmitting instructions to the front of the ventricle; atrioventricular bundle, left bundle branch, right bundle branch, and Pulmonary fibers, which are equivalent to sub-stations at all levels, responsible for transmitting instructions to all parts of the ventricle, causing the ventricle to contract and pump. Blood.
2. What are arrhythmias?
An arrhythmia is a change in the rate and/or pattern of the heartbeat, i.e., the heart beats too slowly, too quickly, or irregularly. An arrhythmia can be a discomfort of a heavy or fast heartbeat or a feeling of a missed heartbeat (palpitations). It can also cause dizziness, general weakness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Sometimes arrhythmias can occur without obvious symptoms. Severe arrhythmias can be life-threatening if they slow down the heart or cause it to fail to pump blood.
3. What types of arrhythmias are there?
There are two main types of arrhythmias, namely tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias.
Tachyarrhythmias (also called tachycardia): can originate in the atria, atrioventricular node or ventricles, and are commonly
1, supraventricular tachycardia (hereinafter referred to as supraventricular tachycardia): is a general term for fast arrhythmias originating in the upper part of the heart (non-ventricular). It is often caused by the presence of an additional pathway between the atria, atrioventricular node or atria. Atrioventricular tachycardia and atrioventricular tachycardia due to pre-excitation syndrome are common.
2. Atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation are, in the broadest sense, also classified as supraventricular tachycardias.
3, Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation. Slow arrhythmias (also called bradycardia): they are mainly divided into two categories: pathological sinus node syndrome and conduction block.
4.What is atrioventricular node (atrioventricular junctional zone) fibrillation tachycardia?
Atrioventricular node (atrioventricular junction) regressive tachycardia is a common type of tachycardia, which is caused by the presence of a normal conduction circuit in the atrioventricular junction of the heart, in addition to another circuit with a slower conduction speed, the electrical impulses that can induce tachycardia run repeatedly, rapidly and cyclically in the loop formed by both, causing one heartbeat for each run, thus causing a continuous tachycardia attack.
5.What is pre-excitation syndrome?
In patients with preexcitation syndrome, there is an abnormal channel connecting the atria and the ventricles. This additional channel is called the additional bypass, where the electrical impulses from the heart travel from the atria to the ventricles through the bypass without passing through the normal atrioventricular node, thus causing the ventricles to preexcite. In patients with preexcitation syndrome, electrical impulses from the heart can travel from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node and then from the ventricles back to the atria through the bypass, thus forming a loop. This loop of cardiac electrical impulses running repeatedly causes the heart to contract repeatedly, causing tachycardia. Because the bypass usually has the ability to conduct electrical impulses faster, it can sometimes cause serious arrhythmias and even be life-threatening.
6.What is occult atrioventricular bypass?
However, the direction of atrial electrical impulses is from the ventricle to the atrium, but not from the atrium to the ventricle, similar to the one-way road in traffic, so that the pre-excitation wave is not visible on the body ECG during sinus rhythm. This type of atrioventricular bypass is called occult atrioventricular bypass and accounts for the majority of atrioventricular bypasses.
7.What is ventricular arrhythmia?
Ventricular arrhythmias are arrhythmias of ventricular origin and are common arrhythmias, including premature ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia, especially in combination with organic heart disease, is usually an arrhythmia that can lead to ventricular fibrillation, sudden death and other serious consequences. It is necessary to make a clear diagnosis in time, determine the cause of ventricular tachycardia, the cause and the impact on the prognosis and deal with it in time.
8.What is ventricular tachycardia?
Ventricular tachycardia (abbreviated as ventricular tachycardia): refers to the presence of abnormal electrical pathways in the ventricles, which usually exist in the ventricular myocardium of myocardial infarction or myocardial lesions, and can occur partially in patients without heart disease (called idiopathic ventricular tachycardia). When an electrical signal enters such a pathway, it can run along a loop, and the ventricle contracts once with each loop run, resulting in a rapid heart rate. Ventricular tachycardia is a more serious arrhythmia with a high mortality rate and is most often seen in patients with organic heart disease. Ventricular tachycardia usually does not stop on its own, and sometimes it can even progress to ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, leading to death.
9.What is ventricular fibrillation?
Ventricular fibrillation: refers to the electrical activity of multiple parts of the ventricle conducted in an extremely rapid and irregular manner, causing the ventricle to stop pumping blood effectively and terminating the blood circulation. If ventricular fibrillation is not terminated in time, the patient will die within minutes.
10.What are the treatments for ventricular tachycardia?
Different treatment options are available according to the different classifications of ventricular tachycardia. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia: beta-blockers, amiodarone, sotalol, cardioplegia, methylphenidate, etc.; malignant ventricular arrhythmia: amiodarone, sotalol, etc.; non-pharmacological methods: electrical resuscitation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), etc.; idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: amiodarone, sotalol, cardioplegia, verapamil, etc.; non-pharmacological methods: radiofrequency ablation for radical treatment.
11.What is electrocardiography?
The mechanical pulsation of the heart (pumping function, etc.) is actually preceded by electrical excitation in order for these contractions to occur, and the relaxation function. The ECG machine is used to record the graph of these cardiac activities from the body surface, which is called ECG examination.
12.What is an ambulatory electrocardiogram?
In the late 1950s, HolterNJ developed a new method of recording ECG, which is called ambulatory ECG, in which ECG changes are recorded over a longer period of time (24 hours, or even longer) while the patient is dynamically active.
It can be used for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial ischemia, estimating the prognosis of heart patients, observing patients’ ability to perform daily activities, evaluating the efficacy of anti-arrhythmic and anti-myocardial ischemic drugs, detecting the working status of pacemakers, and also for certain heart diseases. Epidemiological investigation, etc.