Rehabilitation of dysphagia is a comprehensive training method aimed at regaining the swallowing function of normally swallowed food from its identification and ingestion, through the oral cavity and pharyngeal cavity until the passage of food through the esophagus, which occurs during the process of mis-swallowing or the resulting passage disorder. The normal swallowing process is divided into three stages, which are used as the basis for diagnosing the site of swallowing disorder. These three phases are the oral phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase, and now a cognitive phase (prior phase) and preparatory phase have been added for a total of five phases for swallowing function evaluation, and swallowing motion is analyzed using swallowing imaging. The target of rehabilitation treatment for dysphagia is the process starting with the cognitive phase until food enters the esophagus. I. The process of swallowing movement (1) The cognitive phase, also known as the antecedent phase, is the pre-eating stage of food ingestion. Cognition includes the experience of food by the senses of sight, smell and touch, and influences cognition. (2) Preparation period, which corresponds to the period when the ingested food is chewed and salivated to form food blocks. (3) The oral period, which is the period when the food mass is delivered to the pharyngeal cavity at will by repeated movements of the tongue. (4) Pharyngeal phase, the period when the food mass travels toward the pharynx and closes the vocal canal by the upward lift of the pharynx and the backward movement of the epiglottis. Once the soft palate elevation is aborted, the pharynx is further elevated to relax the cricopharyngeal muscle and the food mass enters the esophagus. This period of passage of the food mass is within 500 and is regulated through the nerves of the subpharyngeal center of the medullary reticular formation. (5) The esophageal period is the period when the food block passes through the entrance of the esophagus and reaches the stomach through peristaltic movement. II. Rehabilitation methods The degree of swallowing disorder must be evaluated during rehabilitation training, therefore, an examination should be performed. In addition, the patient’s own state of consciousness, the presence of oral and facial sensory disorders, the control of the palate, the movement of the tongue and the presence or absence of reflexes should be clarified. From these results the necessary training and the form of the food block are decided. Rehabilitation of dysphagia is aimed at maximum development of the residual abilities of the person with dysphagia, and a specific treatment plan is developed by the rehabilitation physician in cooperation with other specialized professionals (other physicians, nurses, dieticians, speech therapists, physical therapists, and rehabilitation operators). In case of cognitive impairment of food, basic training should be given, oral care (prevention of bacterial growth and oral hygiene with cotton swabs) and stimulation of the palatopharyngeal arch and posterior pharyngeal wall with the use of cotton swabs to make the pharynx empty. Phonation training should promote the closing movement of the mouth and lips. Feeding training should apply food blocks to close the mouth and lips with the help of passive mouth-lip closure and take 30° supine position, and to prevent mispharynx should be instructed to take forward cervical flexion position. The main point of the obstacle training to deliver the food block into the pharynx is to use the tongue to deliver the food block. The basic training consists of strengthening the reproduction of tongue movements and strengthening the intrinsic receptors that receive sensory stimuli in the oral cavity. Ingestion training should be directed towards the block formation disorder. The pharyngeal passage disorder is caused by the delayed, absent swallowing reflex that leads to the opening disorder at the entrance of the esophagus. Basic training should normalize the pharyngeal movement by tensing and relaxing the subpharyngeal muscles and evoked stimulation of the subpharyngeal reflex. Passive pharyngeal lift training, balloon dilation, and induction of vocal fold closure are effective when the opening of the esophageal inlet is impaired. During ingestion, a 90° seat is taken in an effort to shape the food, while chewing is intensified and stimulation is provided to induce the gag reflex. In order to prevent misopharyngeal disorders, it is necessary to maintain a sitting position after eating and actively train empty pharynx.