After femoral neck surgery, the affected limb should be placed in an abducted and slightly flexed hip position, and a pillow can be placed under the leg to elevate the affected limb and prevent swelling. In the early stage, there are obvious inflammatory reactions in the tissues and the fracture is easily displaced, so static exercises (no movement of the joint, maintaining a certain posture until the muscles are fatigued) are the mainstay. Inward hip movement (crossed legs, etc.) should be absolutely avoided during the exercise.
Pillow between the legs when lying down, so that the legs can not come together. Do not turn over to the affected side. When turning to the healthy side, the affected leg should be protected so that the hip is kept slightly out of the booth during the whole exercise. After lying on the side, put a high pillow between the legs to keep the affected leg in a slightly outward position of the hip.
1.0～1 week after surgery
(1)Start moving toes and ankle immediately after anesthesia subsides, and start ankle pump exercises as early as possible: 5 minutes/group, 1 group/hour.
(2) Isometric contraction exercises for quadriceps and N cord muscles: greater than 300 times/day, should be done as much as possible without increasing pain.
(3) CPM exercises were started 3 days after surgery and completed under the guidance of medical staff for 30 minutes/time, 2 times/day, with an ice pack for 30 minutes immediately after the exercises (the angle was gradually increased without or with minimal pain). Keep the hip slightly out of the booth during the whole exercise.
2.Post-operative
2~4 weeks
(1) Continue the aforementioned exercises and gradually increase the intensity.
(2)Straight leg raise exercise: 10-20 times/group, 1~2 groups/day.
(3) Back leg raise exercise: 30 times/group, 4-6 consecutive groups, 30 seconds rest between groups, 1～2 times/day.
(4) Prone leg hook exercise: 10 times/group, 10-15 seconds/time, each interval of 5 seconds, 4-6 sets of continuous exercises, with 30 seconds rest between sets.
(5) resistance knee extension exercise: 10 times / group, 10-15 seconds / time, each interval of 5 seconds, 4-6 sets of continuous exercises, 30 seconds rest between sets.
(6) Active hip flexion and extension exercises (in the absence or slight pain and fracture stability): sitting position with the foot not leaving the bed. Slowly and forcefully, flex the knee and hip to the maximum, hold for 10 seconds and then slowly straighten. 10～20 times/group, 1～2 groups/day.
3.Post-operative
5 weeks～3 months
(1) Weight-bearing and balance exercises: must be performed after X-ray examination and as long as the degree of fracture healing allows. With the degree of fracture healing, weight-bearing will gradually transition from 1/4 weight → 1/3 weight → 1/2 weight → 2/3 weight → 4/5 weight → 100% weight. The affected leg can be weighted on a flat scale to clarify the sensation of partial weight bearing. Gradually, the affected side can reach full weight-bearing standing on one leg. 5 minutes/time, 2 times/day.
(2) Sitting leg hold: must be performed as long as the degree of fracture healing allows. 5 to 10 minutes/time, 1 to 2 times/day.
(3) Fixed bicycle exercises can be started when available. light load to heavy load and gradually reduce the height of the seat. 20～30 minutes/time, 2 times/day.
4.Postoperative
4～6 months
The fracture mostly heals, the exercises aim to strengthen muscle strength and joint stability, and gradually and comprehensively resume all activities of daily life.
(1) Squatting exercises: gradually increase the angle of squatting (less than 90°) with increasing strength, 2 minutes/time, 5 seconds interval, 5-10 sets of continuous exercises, 2-3 sets/day.
(2) straddle exercises: including front-to-back and lateral straddle exercises, 20 times/group, 45 seconds rest between groups, 4-6 groups of continuous exercises, 2-4 times/day.
(3) Single-leg squat exercises on the affected side: slow, hard and controlled (no shaking). 20-30 times/group, 30 seconds interval between groups, 2-4 times/day. This exercise should be performed at a later stage.