Vertigo is a motion illusion that occurs without external stimuli. Vertigo is not a separate disorder in itself; there are dozens of disorders that can cause vertigo. The word vertigo originates from the Latin word meaning to turn and can be a sensation of spinning, tumbling, swaying, tipping, floating and lurching. These sensations are true vertigo and are generally associated with physiological and pathological stimulation of the vestibular system. Dizziness, sometimes called lightheadedness, is a symptom of discomfort within the head that cannot be accurately expressed. It can be a mild feeling of unsteadiness, floating, or slight movement and can be caused by vestibular system dysfunction or by disorders such as hypotension, cerebral ischemia, hypoglycemia, or anxiety. Some patients with low vestibular function are unable to describe their symptoms accurately. Patients with incomplete vestibular compensation often describe anxiety and orientation disturbances in certain situations. For example, some patients with low vestibular function may feel disorientation and anxiety in large, crowded shopping centers, especially when walking against the clock. Patients with incomplete vestibular compensation may have difficulty overcoming disorientation and fear. Patients with vestibular dysfunction gradually develop a dependence on vision in order to maintain balance. When walking through the aisles of a supermarket, an optokinetic effect occurs, when the eyes don’t pull involuntarily toward the periphery of the visual field. This phenomenon is called supermarket syndrome. Optokinetic tracking is primarily involuntary. Objects of different colors on the shelves produce an optokinetic effect similar to that perceived in continuous horizontal rotation, so that a sense of balance barrier and a sense of spatial orientation barrier emerge.