1.Is it possible to observe ovarian teratoma without treatment if it is found? Ovarian teratoma is a common type of ovarian germ cell tumor that occurs in women of childbearing age. Most of them are benign mature teratomas, while only a few are malignant, i.e. immature teratomas. Teratoma usually grows very slowly. Generally, tumors below 3cm can be temporarily observed because it is not easy to find when the tumor is too small for surgery, but regular follow up is needed, and ultrasound should be reviewed in 3-6 months, if the tumor grows up, surgery should be performed. 2.What kind of ovarian teratoma should be treated surgically? Is the surgery open or laparoscopic, which is better? If the teratoma grows above 3*3cm, surgery is recommended because the tumor itself is non-homogeneous and prone to torsion. Laparoscopic tumor debridement is preferred for surgery, and recovery is faster after surgery. However, some complicated cases should still choose open surgery, and doctors will make recommendations according to each individual’s specific situation. Whether laparoscopic or open, intraoperative cryopathological examination should be done. 3.Does teratoma recur? The recurrence of ovarian teratoma usually includes the following cases: (1) the first surgery did not peel off the tissue and kept part of the cystic wall; (2) there are other tissues of different germ layers in the ovary and the tumor grows again; (3) some patients have multiple teratomas, unilateral or bilateral, and the lesions are missed due to the lack of careful intraoperative exploration. 4.Is there any difference between the surgical methods of mature teratoma and immature teratoma? The surgery for mature teratoma is mainly to remove the tumor and try to preserve the ovary, only when the tumor is too large to save the ovary will it be removed. Immature teratoma is a malignant teratoma and should be removed from the affected adnexa. 5.Does immature teratoma require removal of the affected ovary? Do I need radiotherapy? Yes, adjuvant chemotherapy is required after surgery. Immature teratoma is sensitive to chemotherapy and can usually be cured by surgery plus chemotherapy. As long as there is a normal ovary on one side, you can continue to have children after the disease is cured. 6. Do I need to explore the opposite ovary during surgery for unilateral ovarian teratoma? Yes, there is a certain rate of bilateral occurrence of teratoma. Experienced surgeons will definitely feel for hard nodes in the contralateral ovary during open surgery and dissect if necessary. From this perspective, laparoscopic surgery reduces intraoperative palpation and relies only on the operator’s experience and the naked eye to determine whether the contralateral ovary is dissected, increasing the chance of missing small lesions in the ovary. 7.If surgery is considered, which day of the menstrual cycle is the best time for surgery? The best is of course after menstruation, as long as you are not going to have your period. 8.Is it normal to have a small amount of vaginal bleeding after surgery? When will my menstruation be normal? A small amount of vaginal bleeding after teratoma surgery is normal. Ovarian function recovers quickly and you will usually have your period the next month after surgery, but your menstrual cycle may change.