The clinical manifestations of allergic diseases present gradually in chronological order, with eczema and food allergy appearing one to two months after birth, and later developing into other allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and urticaria, called the allergic process. Allergy is related to genetics. The risk of allergy in infants with a history of allergy in one parent is 20% to 40%, and in infants with allergy in both parents, the risk rises to 50% to 70%. This means that the child is at high risk for allergies. Studies have shown that the occurrence of allergic diseases in mothers late in pregnancy can significantly increase the occurrence of allergies in infants, especially asthma attacks. Therefore, strengthening prenatal care to prevent allergic diseases in pregnant women with a history of allergies is of positive significance for the prevention of infant allergy. Numerous studies have confirmed that allergies are the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early exposure to food allergens plays a key role in the development of allergy in infants. The proteins contained in breast milk are not food antigens for newborns, but mothers with a history of allergic diseases who consume large amounts of high-protein foods during breastfeeding can stimulate the mother to produce the corresponding specific antibodies, which are passed from breast milk to the child and directly trigger the child’s food allergy. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers with a history of allergies reduce the intake of milk, eggs, seafood and nuts during breastfeeding, which can reduce the transmission of antigen-antibody complexes and reduce the degree of allergy in the affected child. Newborns with loose intestinal wall structure, high permeability and imperfect immune regulation are especially prone to food allergy. Milk proteins are the most common food allergens due to their high molecular weight and antigenic nature. Therefore, it is recommended that babies at high risk of allergy should choose hypoallergenic formulas for prevention if they cannot be breastfed. Babies at high allergy risk are 2.7 times more likely to develop allergies when eggs are added within 6 months of age than when they are added late. It is recommended that babies with a family history of allergies delay the addition of eggs, seafood, soy and nuts, preferably after 1 year of age. Exposure of infants to cigarettes and animal dander can also increase the incidence of allergic disease, so for children at high risk, exposure to cigarettes and pets should be avoided.