Main delivery methods.
1.Natural birth
2.Cesarean section delivery
3.Water birth
4, painless childbirth
I. Natural childbirth
Concept: Natural childbirth is a way of delivery in which the fetus is delivered vaginally, usually without artificial intervention, under the premise of safety and security. When a pregnant woman decides to have a natural birth, she should know when she is expected to give birth and the whole process of birth.
Suitable for
1.Age between 24 and 28 years old.
2.Rational nutrition and weight control during pregnancy.
3.Do more exercise.
4.Confidence in natural childbirth.
5, regular prenatal checkups.
Advantages.
1, can reduce maternal surgical complications, reduce trauma.
2, can improve mother-child communication and cooperation, enhance the sense of responsibility and happiness of motherhood.
3, the fetus through the birth canal natural extrusion, can discharge the amniotic fluid accumulated in the interstitial lung, to avoid the newborn “wet lung” disease.
4.The baby’s body movement coordination is better in normal delivery.
5, conducive to postpartum dew discharge, uterine recovery, fast postpartum recovery, does not affect future childbirth, and also fast milk production.
Disadvantages.
1, there is some damage to the vagina.
2, contraction pain is more serious, the labor process is longer.
3.It may have some influence on the future sex life.
4. In case of difficult labor, it may be necessary to turn to caesarean section.
Preparation for normal delivery.
(1) Paroxysmal pain reduction exercises (start to do in late pregnancy)
(2) Knee pressure exercise, swinging exercise, leg lifting exercise, pony stance exercise
(3) Fully understand the birth process to reduce fear
(4) Actively cooperate with doctors in labor: correct breathing is important.
II. Caesarean section delivery
Concept: Cesarean section is to cut open the abdominal wall and uterus to remove the fetus. If the case is properly selected and the operation is timely, it can not only save the life of mother and child, but also maintain the normal productive performance and the ability of mother and daughter to continue reproducing offspring, otherwise it will not only fail to receive the expected results, but also cause long-term adverse effects, so careful consideration must be given before the operation. Caesarean section is an important method of surgical assistance to birth.
Reasons.
1, abnormal birth canal, such as pelvic stenosis, deformity, pelvis and fetal head size disproportionate, etc.
2, Pre-eclampsia uterine rupture.
3, severe pregnancy complications, such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic nephritis, heart disease, etc.
4, weak contractions before delivery, ineffective use of oxytocin, severe bleeding before delivery, such as placenta praevia, placenta abruptio, etc.
5.The labor process is more than 30 hours.
6.The age of the primigravida is more than 35 years old.
7. The mother has acute herpes or vaginal venereal disease, etc.
8, abnormal fetal position, such as transverse position, breech position, especially the fetal foot first into the pelvis, persistent occipital posterior position.
9.The labor stops and the fetus is difficult to be delivered from the vagina.
10.The fetus is not yet delivered but the placenta is aborted prematurely or the umbilical cord is prolapsed from the vagina first.
11, intrauterine distress, hypoxia, and so on, after treatment is ineffective.
Advantages.
Caesarean section can save the life of the mother and child when vaginal delivery is absolutely impossible for some reasons. A cesarean section is needed when vaginal delivery is not possible or when vaginal delivery may be dangerous for the mother or the fetus.
The surgical indications for cesarean section are clear, and anesthesia and surgery usually go well.
If an elective cesarean section is performed, the operation is performed before contractions begin and the mother is spared the agony of the contractions.
If there are other diseases in the abdominal cavity, they can be treated together, such as combined ovarian tumors or subplasmic fibroids, which can be removed at the same time.
It is also convenient to perform ligation surgery.
In cases where the uterus should not be preserved, such as severe infection, incomplete uterine rupture, multiple fibroids, etc., the uterus can also be removed at the same time.
Disadvantages.
The trauma and bleeding caused by the operation make the mother weak and there is more chance of infection.
The uterus is left with a large scar after surgery, and there is a risk of uterine rupture if another pregnancy occurs.
The incidence of abdominal infections, intestinal adhesions, genitourinary tract problems and ectopic pregnancies is significantly higher than in women who deliver naturally.
It is prone to clavicle fracture, femur or humerus fracture, skull fracture, and soft tissue injury.
The latest foreign research shows that children born by cesarean section are more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorder, temper tantrums, clumsy movements and other sensory integration disorders after school.
Note: The World Health Organization has proposed the “Mother Friendly Initiative”, which includes the reduction of cesarean section, as it is more harmful to the mother than vaginal delivery.
Water birth
Overview: There is no doubt that water births can help to reduce the pain of pregnant women. This is because the floating of the water can distract the mother from the mental aspect of the pain. In addition, water is buoyant and has the effect of relieving the pain caused by uterine contractions. But water birth safety and other aspects need to be carefully considered, and the birth facilities must also be well thought out, such as the bathtub for water birth, must be large. The water used must not only be constant, but also circulate continuously to ensure hygiene, and water birth is not suitable for every woman.
Advantages.
Traditional delivery is a difficult process for the fetus. A water birth reduces friction during the process and gives the fetus a familiar water environment, weakening the trauma that external light and sound may cause to the newborn baby. Delivering in water shortens the duration of labor, reduces the pain suffered by the mother and reduces maternal trauma (less perineal tearing). The effect is more pronounced in advanced maternal age.
Disadvantages.
1. Easy to be infected.
2. Expensive.
3. It is difficult to monitor the heartbeat of the fetus.
Unsuitable groups.
1, older or younger people. Experts believe that the best age for natural childbirth is between 20 and 30 years old, too young to be psychologically prepared, and over 35 years old can be considered as “advanced maternal age”.
2.Mothers with diseases. Experts believe that it is better to take a more secure way of delivery for women with illnesses. The reason is that disease often leads to syndrome, causing unnecessary damage.
3, prenatal uninformed people. Maternity blindly follow the trend, the psychological preparation is not enough, also not suitable for water birth. Therefore, it is extremely necessary for women to attend the “maternity class” organized by the hospital before giving birth, and it should not be ignored.
4, the fetus is a huge baby pregnant women. The experts believe that the birth canal is not dilated by the birth of the first child, which can easily cause perineal tears. In addition, the Chinese have always had a “big fat son” complex, the maternal child in the abdomen is over-nourished, overgrown, not suitable for water birth. The weight of a baby delivered in the water should be limited to about 3 kg. From the actual operation of “Long Women and Babies”, both newborns met the ideal weight standard.
5. Mothers with a history of miscarriage. Miscarriages are not only physically and mentally devastating, they also leave a shadow, and in fact, some women who have miscarriages also suffer from the chronic disease of habitual abortion. The condition is “safety first”. The woman with a history of miscarriage is better off with a more secure method.
6, abnormal fetal position, multiple births, fetal disorders
IV. Painless delivery
Overview: Medically known as labor analgesia, it is a method to reduce or even eliminate the pain during labor.
One method is pharmacological, which is the application of anesthetics or analgesics to achieve the analgesic effect. There are many methods of pharmacological labor analgesia, including systemic medication, local anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia.
Another method is non-pharmacological, which is to reduce labor pain through prenatal training, guiding breathing during uterine contractions, etc.; massaging painful parts during labor or using methods such as acupuncture in Chinese medicine can also relieve labor pain to different degrees, which also belongs to non-pharmacological labor analgesia.
3.Birth analgesia device
V. Other special delivery methods
Lamez birth method: Lamez birth method is a psychological prevention method of childbirth, that is, the use of the body and mind to reduce labor pain and labor pain
leboyer childbirth: most of the previous childbirth methods are aimed at relieving the pain of the pregnant woman and are less concerned about the pain of the newborn.
Swing birth: The swing birth method is a modification of the traditional seated birth method, popular in Switzerland and Europe.
Medical hypnobirthing: mental and physical exercises such as association training, prenatal gymnastics, and abdominal breathing are used to stabilize the body and mind and to reduce the pain of childbirth.
Ball birth: In a ball birth, a soft and flexible ball is used to continuously move the pregnant woman’s body, thus reducing the pain of labor.
Aromatic childbirth: Aromatic childbirth is a method of childbirth that uses aromatherapy in the process of childbirth.
VI. Principles of choosing the mode of delivery
1. The doctor helps the pregnant woman to choose the mode of delivery. Before choosing the delivery method, the hospital will do a detailed whole body examination and maternal examination for the mother
2. Choose a more humane way of delivery. Make the operation of childbirth more scientific, smoother, more relaxed, and healthier for mother and baby.
3. Pregnant women have the right to make an informed choice of delivery method
4. Reduce intervention and return to nature. Except for medical indications, we will not use drugs for pain relief and surgery as much as possible.
7. Signs before delivery
1. The bottom of the uterus drops. About two weeks before labor, the uterine floor will drop and the upper abdomen will feel relaxed. Breathing will become more relaxed than a while ago, and the discomfort of pressure on the stomach will be reduced, and the amount of food will increase.
2. There is a feeling of pressure on the lower abdomen. Due to the descent, the part that is about to be exposed first during delivery has descended to the entrance of the pelvis, so there is a lower abdominal cramping and a phenomenon of pressure on the bladder.
3, at this time you will feel back pain, walking inconvenience, appear frequent urination.
4.Redness: Redness is a reliable sign that labor is about to start.
5.Breaking of water: Amniotic fluid flowing from the vagina is commonly called “breaking of water”. When the amniotic fluid flows from the vagina, it is not far from the birth.
6.Regular abdominal pain: Generally, the pain lasts for 30 seconds, with an interval of 10 minutes. Later, the pain time gradually lengthens and the interval time shortens, which is called regular labor pains.
Eight, the preparation of childbirth
1.Required documents
2.Baby products
3.Maternity supplies
4.Mother adjust her mind and prepare for labor
5.Family members are ready to care for the mother and prepare for the arrival of the new life
Nine, the precautions after delivery
1.Observe the amount of postpartum bleeding
2.Colostrum should not be wasted
3.The act of breastfeeding can stimulate the brain of the new mother, and pay attention to supplemental nutrition
4.New mothers should ensure that they have sufficient rest time
5.Postpartum urination and defecation as soon as possible
6.Eat more vegetables to avoid constipation
7.New mothers should pay attention to cleanliness if they sweat a lot