Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric clavicle fractures

  The majority of clavicle fractures are clavicle stem fractures. 80% of clavicle injuries occur in the stem portion of the bone. Clavicle fractures account for about 8% to 15.5% of all fractures in children.  Diagnosis and typing】 (a) Symptoms 1. History of trauma or difficult birth.  2. Local swelling, pain and deformity.  3. The affected limb refuses to move.  (B) Signs 1. Impaired movement of the affected limb.  2. Positive local pressure pain and percussion pain.  3.Bone rubbing sound and abnormal activity can be palpated during activity.  (C) Auxiliary examination 1.X-ray film can make a clear diagnosis.  2.Complex and distal and proximal segment fractures need CT to diagnose fracture and displacement.  Typing】 The most common typing is the Allman typing.  Type I is the middle 1/3 fracture, which is the most common and accounts for about 80% of all clavicle stem fractures; Type II is the fracture between the distal to the rostral clavicular ligament; Type III is the medial 1/3 fracture.  The clavicle has a strong healing ability and can heal almost 100% without external harassment, and children with clavicle fractures have strong remodeling ability after healing. A fully displaced fracture can be fully reshaped in 6 months to 9 months or at most 2 years.  The most common method of external fixation is the 8-letter bandage fixation, with the child sitting upright or with the chest up and hands crossed, the axillae lined with cotton pads to protect the axillary nerves, the bandage wrapped around the shoulders crossed on the dorsal side with 8-letter, the tightness is limited to the pulsation of both radial arteries is not affected and there is no numbness in the hands. Now there are commercially available clavicle bandage, the principle of the same as the 8-word bandage, and with pre-set elastic padding, easy to use, reliable fixation. The fixation time is usually 4 weeks, that is, continuous external bone scab can be seen, then remove the external fixation, functional training under protection, 3 months to 4 months after the bone healing, before resuming sports.  2. Indications for surgery include: open injury requiring debridement; fracture compression of neurovascular requiring exploration; risk of skin puncture at the fracture end. If the fracture is surgically repositioned by incision, internal fixation with plate screws is preferred.  Complications】 1. vascular nerve injury; 2. deformity healing; 3. delayed healing and non-healing.  Prevention】 Strengthen the education of children and guardians to reduce trauma.