With the increase in the number of cesarean sections and improved diagnostic techniques, we are increasingly finding cesarean scar diverticula. The main symptom of cesarean scar diverticulum is postmenstrual spotting bleeding or blood in the leukorrhea. The presence of diverticulum can be detected by ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, and the diagnosis is usually still clear by hysteroscopy. So is there a need for further treatment after a clear diagnosis? If the symptoms are obvious and affect the patient’s normal life, treatment should be given; otherwise, no treatment is needed. Do patients with fertility requirements need surgical treatment? The cesarean section diverticulum is the weakest part of the uterine scar, which is prone to break during another pregnancy, but is not bound to do so. Usually during elective vaginal delivery, the cervical isthmus extends 7-10 times as far as it did during the non-pregnancy period, creating an incomplete rupture of the diverticulum at this site, which is the trigger point for uterine rupture. In addition, the pregnant egg can be deposited in the diverticulum to form a cesarean section scar site pregnancy, which is also a more dangerous ectopic pregnancy. Accordingly, surgical repair is preferable for patients who have a requirement for reproduction. How long does it take to get pregnant again after surgical treatment? It usually takes 2 years after the repair surgery before another pregnancy can take place. What are the results after surgical treatment? There are 2 main types of surgical treatments: firstly, the lower edge of the diverticulum is removed under hysteroscopy, so as not to hide the menstrual blood here, resulting in postmenstrual dribbling; this surgical method cannot make up for the weak defects of the diverticulum, or even lead to an increase in the area of weakness, which is only conducive to the improvement of the symptoms, and is not conducive to the prevention of rupture of diverticulum and bleeding in a second pregnancy. Secondly, if the diverticulum is resected transabdominally or transvaginally and then repaired, due to intraoperative and postoperative infections and other factors may still exist, affecting the healing of the incision, and there is also the possibility of diverticulum formation, which is why some obstetricians and gynecologists do not advocate surgical treatment.