The basic wish of every couple is to have a healthy and smart baby, however, the reality before us is that the overall incidence of birth defects in China is as high as 5.6%, with 900,000 new birth defects each year, including more than 130,000 cases of congenital heart disease, nearly 18,000 cases of neural tube defects, nearly 23,000 cases of cleft lip and palate, nearly 35,000 cases of congenital hearing impairment, and nearly 25,000 cases of Down syndrome. Nearly 25,000 cases of Down’s syndrome. Birth defects have risen from the 4th cause of infant death in 2000 to the 2nd cause in 2011, with about 30% of children with birth defects dying before the age of 5 and 40% becoming disabled for life. The burden of disease due to disability or death from birth defects is enormous, for example, the total economic burden of new congenital heart disease in China exceeds 12.6 billion RMB annually. The birth of these affected children brings a heavy emotional and economic burden to families and has become a major public health problem in China. Especially in poor areas of China, the phenomenon of poverty caused by birth defects is more prominent, which seriously hinders the poverty and economic development of some areas. Birth defects not only affect the health of children’s lives and quality of life, but also affect the quality of the entire national population and human resources, affecting the healthy and sustainable development of the economy and society. In the past 8 years of birth defect prevention, I often encountered the whole family mobilization in the clinic, a family of 6 people (four elderly plus a young couple) crowded in a small consultation room “asking questions”, the number of questions overwhelmed. This is a reflection of the importance most families attach to eugenics and the importance of raising a smart and healthy baby for both families under the national policy of “family planning”. I often meet families who have given birth to defective children in the clinic, and the couples’ great mental pressure or pain of losing their children makes me feel the heavy burden on my shoulders, and they often cry about the experience of bouncing around with their children to seek medical treatment. Although eugenics is not a new topic, there are still many people who lack an objective understanding of eugenics and mistakenly believe that only those families with a family history of genetic diseases or a history of congenital defects need eugenics. “Eugenics screening. Many people may not realize that more than 95% of congenital defects are born to healthy couples, and that genetic factors, environmental factors, and the interaction of genetic and environmental factors are the causes of birth defects, and that these causes are complex, diverse, and unknown, making our prevention of birth defects a long way off. This is the reason why I named this series of popular science topics as “Eugenics, we are on the road”, the road is long, I will go up and down to seek. At present, the prevention of birth defects mainly adopts a three-tier prevention strategy: primary prevention is a comprehensive intervention in the pre-conception and early pregnancy stage, through health education, pre-conception health care, reasonable nutrition during pregnancy, careful use of drugs, smoking and alcohol cessation, etc., to reduce the occurrence of birth defects; secondary prevention is through pregnancy screening and prenatal diagnosis to identify serious congenital defects of the fetus, early detection, early intervention, to reduce the occurrence of children born with disabilities; Tertiary prevention is the early screening and early diagnosis of neonatal diseases to avoid or reduce disability through timely treatment and improve the quality of life of the affected children. In the following issues, we will highlight some issues that are of concern to you, such as how to take folic acid, preconception screening programs, thalassemia screening, NT ultrasound measurement of the fetus during early pregnancy, amniocentesis, fetal system ultrasound, newborn disease screening, etc. We hope to help parents-to-be who are preparing for pregnancy or are already pregnant. Friends, birth defect prevention is never a matter of a couple, a family, a doctor or a hospital, it requires the participation of the whole society, the child is the hope of a family, but also the future of a nation, he or she carries too much hope, he or she deserves to get the best care.