Tinnitus is a sound that is subjectively perceived by the human ear in the absence of external acoustic or electrical stimuli. It is important to note that tinnitus is an illusion that occurs in the auditory system and is a symptom rather than a disease. Some people often feel some special sounds in their ears, such as buzzing, hissing or sharp whistling, but no corresponding sound source can be found around them. Tinnitus makes people upset and restless, and in serious cases, it can affect normal life and work. Tinnitus can occur in a variety of conditions and can be caused by almost any cause of ear disease, but the relationship with hearing is complex. It may be caused by a small piece of cerumen coming into contact with the eardrum, but it can also be caused by a tumor located in the auditory nerve. Other conditions such as otosclerosis (a disease of the middle ear that occurs in the auditory tuberosity), ototoxic drug intoxication, and noise can all cause tinnitus to varying degrees. Tinnitus has various manifestations, some are on one side of the ear, some are on both sides; some appear intermittently, some are continuous; the lighter ones feel tinnitus when they are quiet, the heavier ones feel noisy and uneasy when they are in the downtown area. I. The causes of tinnitus are mainly diseases of the ear, such as external ear diseases: otitis externa, cerumen embolism, foreign bodies in the external ear, acute and chronic inflammation of the middle ear, tympanic membrane perforation, otosclerosis and Meniere’s syndrome and auditory neuroma in the inner ear. Tinnitus can also occur from vascular diseases, such as jugular vein bullae, small blood vessel dilation in the ear, vascular malformations, and hemangiomas. Tinnitus from veins is mostly noisy, and tinnitus from arteries is consistent with the pulsation of the pulse. Noise causes people have such a common experience that if they suddenly hear the sound of firecrackers, there will be a long reverberation in their ears, which will subside only after half a day, and this is the external noise temporarily damages the human auditory nerve. Those who work in a noisy environment for a long time, such as tractor and car drivers, traffic police, armed police, military personnel, discotheque staff, mahjong entertainers, long-term meeting participants, and operators of various types of equipment, etc. are all victims of noise, and long-term noise stimulation most of the time causes nerve damage in the inner ear. Noise-induced tinnitus is mainly manifested as a disturbance in the spontaneous activity of the auditory nerve fibers. Generally speaking, noise exceeding the safety noise standard (85-90 dB) may cause tinnitus and deafness. However, there are individual differences in sensitivity to the same intensity of noise, and only those who are sensitive are harmed or are harmed to the greatest extent. Some other systemic diseases can also cause tinnitus: plant nerve disorders, lack of blood supply to the brain, pre-stroke, hypertension, hypotension, anemia, diabetes, malnutrition, and the incidence of tinnitus in people over 60 years old is as high as 30%. The main cause is the degenerative changes in the auditory nervous system with age. In addition, tinnitus and hearing loss can also occur after overuse of drugs that have toxic effects on the ear, such as gentamicin, streptomycin or kanamycin, and tinnitus can appear earlier than hearing loss. Excessive fatigue, lack of sleep, and excessive emotional stress can also lead to the development of tinnitus. Causes of Meniere’s disease, auditory neuroma, sclerosis, a disease in which the dense lamellar bone of the bone vagus is focally replaced by spongy new bone rich in cells and blood vessels. Causes of head trauma, causes of muscle clonus, causes of systemic disorders such as anemia, hypertension, diabetic hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, autoimmune diseases, and vasospastic disorders may accompany tinnitus, and other tinnitus for which the cause is not yet clear, accounting for about 40% of the tinnitus population. Tinnitus is caused by impairment or alteration of cell membrane permeability of hair cells inside and outside the cochlea, or impairment of synaptic metabolism of hair cells, or short circuit between auditory nerve fibers. 2. Tinnitus can be divided into two categories: subjective and objective Objective tinnitus, also known as other-perceived tinnitus. It is a kind of tinnitus that can be heard by oneself and others. The tinnitus can be a rhythmic horseshoe sound, pendulum sound or other rhythmless murmur. Other causes of tinnitus include: abnormal arteriovenous fistulas or aneurysms in the skull and neck that produce a pulsatile tinnitus consistent with a pulse; spasms of the soft palate and auditory tuberosities; and abnormal opening of the eustachian tube that does not prevent sound, which can often be heard in tinnitus consistent with the rhythm of breathing. Subjective tinnitus, also known as self-conscious tinnitus. Only the patient can feel the tinnitus, and it can be one-sided or bilateral. The nature of the tinnitus is varied and can be in the form of ringing, buzzing, whistling, air horn, insects, etc. There are various causes of subjective tinnitus, and the common etiologies include: inflammation of the external ear canal, cerumen foreign bodies, tumor obstruction; various types of middle ear lesions such as middle ear classes, intra-drum lesions, otosclerosis; Meniere’s disease, ototoxic drug poisoning, degenerative changes of the inner ear in the elderly, inflammation, tumors, vascular abnormalities in the inner ear canal and the skull; craniocerebral trauma, skull base fractures, etc.; some internal diseases such as anemia, hypertension In addition, mental tension can cause changes in blood circulation and affect the blood supply to the inner ear, leading to tinnitus attacks, and tension can also aggravate tinnitus. 3.Treatment of tinnitus Patients with tinnitus should go to hospital for detailed examination and try to find out the cause of tinnitus. Take special treatment or symptomatic treatment for the cause. Symptomatic treatment methods include: 1. Drug therapy: commonly used vasodilators to improve inner ear blood circulation, such as low-molecular dextrose, salvia tablets, etc.; or drugs to improve energy metabolism of inner ear tissues, such as ATP, coenzyme A, etc.; anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, cipro, lidocaine, etc. can inhibit abnormal excitatory activity of the auditory system. 2.Masking therapy: Tinnitus masking device is used to treat tinnitus, which is the use of external acoustic stimulation to inhibit the spontaneous excitation of the inner ear or auditory nerve. 3. Psychotherapy, such as biofeedback therapy: It is to use different biofeedback signals to train patients to enter a relaxed state and restore the relative balance in the body in order to achieve the purpose of treating tinnitus. In conclusion, tinnitus is generally not harmful to health, but it is annoying and disturbing. It is also difficult to treat at present. If you have tinnitus symptoms, you should actively go to the hospital for appropriate examination and treatment to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of certain important diseases. If there is no specific disease, there is no need to be nervous, you should keep your mood happy and divert your attention, and the tinnitus may be reduced.