What are the characteristics of verrucous nevus?

  Verrucous nevus, also known as epidermal nevus and linear epidermal nevus, usually develops at birth or in early childhood, but it can also appear at the age of 10 to 20 years and can develop in both sexes. They usually appear as yellowish to brownish-black warty lesions. They vary in size, shape and distribution, and are mostly papillary in shape, arranged in bands or lines or patches, and can occur all over the body, usually in a linear pattern. They occur on one side of the body. If they occur on or around the genitals and anus of both sexes, they are often easily misdiagnosed as warts.  Warty nevi often occur unilaterally, are arranged in lines, are hard, have a clean surface, and do not bleed easily. The rash is often the same elsewhere, outside of some specific areas. The history of the disease is long and the efficacy of topical medications is poor. The pathological changes are different degrees of epidermal hyperplasia, mainly hyperkeratosis, papillomatous hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the spinous layer, increased melanin in the basal layer, without the vacuolated cells of acanthosis, which are easier to identify pathologically.