Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of squamous epithelial origin that occurs mainly in the tissues and organs covered by squamous epithelium. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a non-specific tumor indicator, but an important tumor marker. When the test result is high, it is mainly seen in cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, vaginal cancer, and can also be elevated in patients with squamous lung cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer. However, high squamous cell carcinoma antigen does not absolutely occur in cancer, but also in patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis, pneumonia, renal failure, and tuberculosis, mainly related to more serious infections and inflammation. For the treatment of high squamous cell carcinoma antigen, it should be treated according to the specific cause. If a tumor is diagnosed, surgery should be performed in time to control the development of the disease in the early stage, and for mid- to late-stage tumors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be used after surgery to relieve patients’ discomfort. For squamous cell carcinoma with high antigen caused by inflammation, specific pathogens can be identified, such as penicillin and cephalosporins if caused by bacterial infection, and ribavirin and acyclovir if caused by viral infection. Symptomatic treatment with sensitive antibacterial drugs is needed. After effective treatment, squamous cell carcinoma antigen can generally be restored to normal level. Therefore, when there is a high squamous cell carcinoma antigen, a comprehensive analysis should be conducted after completing relevant examinations, especially when the increase exceeds 3 times or is progressive, timely examinations of the corresponding parts should be conducted, such as chest CT, cervical TCT or gastroscopy, to clarify whether there is a tumor and whether it is combined with other diseases, and only after the causes are clear can corresponding treatment be adopted.