There are two types of atrial septal defects: the first is a small atrial septal defect, which has no significant impact on the body and the child has no obvious discomfort. In this case, the child can have normal vaccinations. In the second case, the atrial septal defect is relatively large and has an impact on cardiac hemodynamics, with complications such as pulmonary stasis, heart failure or severe lung infection. In this case, it is recommended to postpone the prophylactic injection treatment, and it is generally recommended to perform the atrial septal defect repair surgery when the vital signs are stable, and then to perform the prophylactic injection treatment after the patient’s condition has stabilized.