1. Drugs to be avoided: antiretrovirals (azidothymidine), general anesthetics, sodium valproate, tetracycline, barbiturates, chloramphenicol. Aminoglycoside antibiotics should be avoided in patients with multisystem involvement. Avoid metformin, which is prone to acidosis. 2. Diet: Patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency should have a ketogenic diet, i.e., a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. Patients with abnormal mitochondrial fat metabolism are recommended a high carbohydrate and medium-chain triglyceride diet with less use of long-chain fatty acids. Evaluate the basal metabolic rate of the patient. Increase the number of meals, avoid starvation, and prompt intravenous nutrition when suffering from colds or other illnesses that interfere with eating; intravenous glucose infusion is available. Additional meals before bedtime should not be a single sugary food, but a complex carbohydrate. For example, bread, oatmeal, corn starch, rice, etc. Patients with complex 1 deficiency can add fat appropriately, which can improve energy metabolism. This is because electrons produced by protein and carbohydrate metabolism need to be transferred via complex 1, while electrons produced by fat metabolism can be transferred via complex 1 or complex 2. However, some patients with mitochondrial disease may reduce fat intake because the free fatty acids produced by abnormal fat metabolism are toxic to adenosine translocase or other enzymes. Reduce iron intake because iron can produce free radicals in some cases. Avoid the addition of vitamin C to iron-rich foods, as it can increase iron absorption. Alcohol consumption can sometimes aggravate symptoms. Quit smoking because carbon monoxide can damage the complex.4 Avoid monosodium glutamate (a component of MSG) because it can trigger migraines.3. Exercise: mainly for the myopathic type, endurance exercise can improve the symptoms of exercise intolerance, while antagonistic exercise can activate satellite cells. Endurance training cannot reduce the mutational load on the muscles, but it can improve the oxidative capacity, oxygen utilization, tolerance to submaximal exercise, etc. Moderate aerobic exercise, such as running, swimming, walking, cycling, is recommended. 4. Timely removal of predisposing factors such as fever, infection, dehydration, starvation, trauma, anesthesia, etc. Hydration, adequate anabolic substrates, avoid secondary metabolic disorders, avoid drugs that are toxic to mitochondria, even if supplemented with vitamins and cofactors. If unable to eat, early parenteral nutrition, supplementation with 5% 10% glucose or dextrose, 1.5 times the basic requirement. Avoid lactic acid-containing Ringer’s solution. If PH < 7.22 use sodium bicarbonate. Carnitine may be used intravenously in the acute phase and arginine intravenously if there is a stroke-like episode. Continue other oral medications. Avoid cold stimulation, much heat loss, high energy demand, need to keep warm. Avoid overheating, especially when sweating is impaired.