What is a bulge in the head and neck of an infant? There are three main types of head and neck masses in infants and children: the first is congenital malformations such as thyroglossal cysts and fistulas, dermatomal cysts, gill fistulas and cysts, hemangiomas, and lymphangioleiomas. In terms of the site of the mass, thyroglossal cysts and fistulas, dermatomal cysts, etc. are usually located in the midline region of the neck, gill slit fistulas and cysts, lymphangiomas, etc. are usually located in the lateral region of the neck, and hemangiomas can occur in any part of the neck. In the case of congenital malformations, the masses are usually slow to develop and grow, and sometimes become smaller; the onset of the disease is longer, and the duration of the disease is usually more than several months. Unless infected, there is no redness or pain, and the child usually does not cry when the mass is touched. The second type is inflammatory diseases, such as acute and chronic lymphadenitis of the neck and lymphatic tuberculosis. Most acute lymphadenopathies have redness, swelling, and pain, and the onset is short, often lasting only a few days, with elevated white blood cells on routine blood tests and significant results with antibiotics such as cephalexin. The third type is tumor disease, which can be divided into benign and malignant. Benign tumors include: submandibular adenoma, parotid adenoma, thyroid adenoma, nerve sheath tumor, fibroid tumor, etc. Malignant tumors include thyroid cancer, parotid rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant lymphoma. In general, regardless of benign or malignant tumors, there is no pain in general. Benign tumors grow slowly and have smooth surface; malignant tumors grow fast and have rough surface.