Congenital hypothyroidism, a deficiency of thyroxine present at birth, is the most common intervenable disorder and can be classified as primary or acquired according to its etiology. Primary: 85% of congenital hypothyroidism is due to hypothyroidism, including ectopic and ectopic conditions, while the remaining 15% is due to congenital disorders of thyroxine synthesis or release (most commonly TPO gene defects). Central: Mostly combined with other pituitary hormone deficiency manifestations, such as hypoglycemia, low ACTH, low GH, small penis, etc. This condition requires perfect endocrine system related tests to clarify the cause; Yan Zhao, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Transient: Transient hypothyroidism can also occur due to pregnancy or fetal factors, mother’s iodine deficiency, high thyroid antibodies, and taking anti-thyroid medications are all triggers. The brain needs thyroxine during the first 2-3 years of development, and if it is not treated actively and effectively during this period, there is a high probability of neurological sequelae.