Cervical spine surgery can be divided into anterior and posterior surgery, and the common complications are as follows: 1, anterior surgery can have mild postoperative complications including supraglottic nerve injury, dural injury, postoperative infection, etc. Serious postoperative complications include spinal cord injury, vertebral artery injury, laryngeal return nerve injury, esophageal injury, tracheal injury, etc.; 2, posterior surgery can have milder complications such as postoperative infection or axial symptoms, as well as serious complications such as neurological function damage or spinal cord injury. Axial symptoms refer to the postoperative stiffness and soreness of the patient’s neck. In addition, postoperative problems such as cervical sectoral axial switch and portal axial fracture may occur and require further treatment.