According to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vaginal Malignant Tumors, it suggests that the 5-year survival rates for vaginal cancer stages I to IV are 73%, 48%, 28%, and 11%, respectively. Vaginal cancer is a group of gynecological malignant tumor disease, and its exact pathogenesis is still unclear, and it is considered to be related to factors such as persistent high-risk HPV infection, smoking, repeated injury of vaginal wall, cervical radiation therapy, and long-term stimulation of abnormal vaginal secretions. The prognosis of vaginal cancer is related to factors such as stage, location of lesion and type of pathology, and stage is the most important factor. According to relevant guidelines, the five-year survival rate of vaginal cancer I-IV is 73%, 48%, 28% and 11% respectively; in addition, there are also some special types of vaginal cancer, such as vaginal malignant melanoma, whose five-year survival rate is 0-25%. It is suggested that women should do gynecological examination regularly in order to recognize vaginal cancer as early as possible and treat it as early as possible, so as to improve the prognosis and survival rate; when women find abnormal vaginal symptoms, they should consult doctor in time.